importance of military logistics

Fundamentals In the conduct of war, war-making activity behind the cutting edge of combat has always defied simple definition. The military is also going full steam ahead on hardware acquisitions, but when it comes to Revolution in Military Logistics (RML), most, particularly in the military circles, are in a denial mode. In the modern era, the appreciation of logistics by Admiral Ernest J. Keeping the Army's equipment ready to go takes a lot of personnel and financial resources: 20 percent of the soldiers in a heavy division (almost as much as the supply and services, transportation, and medical personnel combined) and an estimated $11 billion across the Army in fiscal year 2003. Hello Class. [6] Further, uncertainty permeates operational plans, making it important that military leaders make timely and effective decisions based upon available information. Utilizing its people, trucks, trains, railcars, aircraft, ships, information systems, and distribution infrastructure, as well as commercial partners 1,203 aircraft in the Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) and 379 vessels in the Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement (VISA), USTRANSCOM provides the U.S. military with highly responsive strategic mobility.11 Its handoff to service logistics personnel around the globe creates a distribution pipeline that moves critical sustainment from the factory to the tactical edge of U.S. military operations. The use of unmanned platforms will be critical to the future of agile logistics. The best example of a military outrunning its supply lines are the German experiences in both World Wars. Military Logistics Featured Logisticsthe transfer of personnel and materiel from one location to another, as well as the maintenance of that materielis essential for a military to be able to support an ongoing deployment or respond effectively to emergent threats. Although many of industrys best practices and technologies are relevant and even vital to the modernization of military logistics, the agility, survivability, responsiveness, and effectiveness of military logistics require another level of integrated innovation in technology and operational concepts. The manufacturer isn't a logistician and neither is the consumer; and both need the logistics middle man to deliver what they need. Additionally, two of the three Maritime Prepositioning squadrons supporting the U.S. Marine Corps were unloaded at the Ash Shuayba Port in Kuwait. 6. Strong operations professional with a Master of Science - MS focused in Human Resources Management & Development (CIPD) from The University of Salford. The United States Marine Corps has implemented some proactive measures to respond to global events and crises. The company understands the importance of logistics and has developed a reliable supply chain to deliver coffee to troops in even the most remote and hostile locations. This research brief highlights the likely changes that will arise in global mobility requirements for UK Armed Forces between now and 2040. 17. This requires both technological and training/conceptual change across the force, not exclusively in the logistics enterprise. The United States might look at its support of Ukraine as a potential model for future defense strategy. Military forces must receive such support regardless of how limited or intermittent their access to the Internet may be, and supporting logistics forces must meet the demand while an enemy is trying to kill the customers, both at home and in the parking lot, and is destroying the delivery fleet at every opportunity. Military partnerships exponentially improve the depth of logistics capacity available, creating force posture options that may not have existed before, shape regional capability, and influence long-term commitment through the sharing of organic and non-organic national industrial capability. Static inventory is distribution moving at zero miles per hour, and anything that is static on the modern battlefield has little chance of remaining survivable. During World War II, from 1939 to 1945, the United States delivered 1,089 warfighting ships to the fleet that today would be classified as battle force ships. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, The Great Arsenal of Democracy, address delivered December 29, 1940, Raison D'etre Its nature is expressed in operational choices and decisions, and is fundamental to military preparedness. Our logistics enterprise is absolutely vital for responding to emergencies while preparing for future conflicts." "I've been unwavering in my insistence that we cannot build a combat creditable deterrence if we do not have the logistics capability and capacity to realistically support the complex military operational plans we are likely . You simply cannot mount an attack or defence without a functioning logistics system. -- In medical logistics, there are many moving parts -- each as important as the next -- to . When the instability of funding that results from continuing resolutions and an inability to pass budgets on time is added to these challenges, one can see that the problems confronting the industrial base are magnified at a time when they most need to be reduced so that our ability to supply the force is responsive and resilient. Is the Defense Acquisition System Postured to Solve National Defense Strategy Operational Problems? Before they became RAND researchers, Jonathan Wong and Joslyn Fleming served as U.S. Marines. The ASLP will achieve the goals of that vision by transforming Army logistics from a system based predominately on redundancy of mass to one based on velocity mobility and information. Informed commanders. They also are applicable across the entire U.S. military from the strategic level to the tactical level. Admiral Brewer put these accomplishments into context: The amount of cargo we delivered could fill all 119 Division 1-A college football fields three times over.22 Specifically: From November 2002 to May 2003, nearly 85,000 pieces of cargo and 4,000 containers of ammunition, requiring 16 million square feet of cargo space, were loaded aboard MSC ships under MSC Atlantics operational control. Researchers identified a new approach, the Army Interoperability Measurement System. Equipment readiness is another area of concern. 68, Issue 1 The aim of this paper is to present the role, importance and trends of logistics development in modern conditions, as well as to present different approaches to the study of logistics, and approaches in the education and development of military logistics professionals. It also outlines a range of options to deliver global mobility in dynamic threat and policy environments. The Military Health System needs an agile, resilient, and global network of treatment and storage facilities and transportation assets, as well as knowledge of gaps and risks that could hinder effective medical support for future combat operations. Unfortunately, to those unfamiliar with its intellectual and technological breadth, depth, and complexity, it can be considered an assumed capabilitysomething that simply happensor, worse yet, a back office function that is not connected to warfighting capability. All you can think about . Airlift, composed of the Civil Reserve air and cargo fleets19 and thus a critical capability that directly affects our ability to move large portions of our force and their associated sustainment to points of crisis around the globe, is similarly limited. Training, quality data improve MEDLOG catalog. They are more intricate when you have . RAND researchers present a Future Logistics Concept Assessment Framework, which is a disciplined, systematic way to assess proposed future logistics concepts to meet the requirements of the National Defense Strategy. Logistics > PRISM | National Defense University > News. Once the 2 nd World War finished, enterprises and businesses within the United States took up this word and started implementing it within normal business . See, for example, The Honorable Mark T. Esper, Secretary of the Army, and General Mark A. Milley, Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, statement On the Posture of the United States Army before the Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate, 115th Cong., 2nd Sess., April 12, 2018, https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Esper-Milley_04-12-18.pdf (accessed May 30, 2018); The Honorable Richard V. Spencer, Secretary of the Navy, statement on Fiscal Year 2019 Department of the Navy Budget before the Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate, April 19, 2018, https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Spencer_04-19-18.pdf (accessed May 30, 2018); Admiral John M. Richardson, Chief of Naval Operations, statement on Fiscal Year 2019 Navy Budget before the Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate, April 19, 2018, https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Richardson_04-19-18.pdf (accessed May 30, 2018); General Robert B. Neller, Commandant of the Marine Corps, statement on The Posture of the United States Marine Corps before the Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate, April 19, 2018, https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Neller_04-19-18.pdf (accessed May 30, 2018); and The Honorable Dr. Heather Wilson, Secretary of the Air Force, and General David L. Goldfein, Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Force, USAF Posture Statement: Fiscal Year 2019, Department of the Air Force presentation to the Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate, 115th Cong., 2nd Sess., April 24, 2018, https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Wilson-Goldfein_04-24-18.pdf (accessed May 30, 2018). Friday, June 25, 2021 A supply ship unloads supplies at the Port of Pusan. Fuel, ammunition, food and water, and medical supplies are all critical needs on the front lines. In concert with the diplomatic, information, and economic instruments of national power, the military helps to implement America's national security and defense strategies, 1 but success in. Logistics survivability upgrades can achieve reduced targetability of the logistics force through development of manageable electronic signatures, a reduced logistics footprint, and improved distribution with reduced static inventory. Naval Supply Systems Command, Logistics Quotations, http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/navy/log_quotes_navsup.pdf (accessed May 30, 2018). Broyles leads research on improving repair, Kenneth Girardini is a senior operations researcher at the RAND Corporation. Currently slated to graduate in . Just as DNA represents the fundamental and distinctive characteristics or qualities of someone or something,9 logistics planning and modernization define the distinctive characteristics or qualities of the military force and ultimately provide the military commander the freedom of action, endurance, and ability to extend operational reach that are necessary to achieve success. The hybrid logistics attributes that Dana describes are a mixture of legacy and evolving technologies. It has the ability to improve the operational excellence which is necessary to grow and expand your business. Military logistics has been part of the history of mankind and has evolved to become a science of application to different processes of the Operational Forces. Logistics is critical to success on the battlefield. Not Sure if someone was looking for quotes on logistics so I will post a few here. James R. Broyles, Ph.D., is an operations researcher at the RAND Corporation with interests in military logistics, military personnel, personnel capacity planning, healthcare delivery, stochastic processes, computer simulation, and applied statistics. FORT DETRICK, Md. Taken together, collaborative services and innovation stress the importance of a vibrant military logistics community that is externally connected. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. "The cost of operating and maintaining a system over its useful life is driven primarily by system design, and reliability and maintainability decisions, which are typically made before production." - Ms. Christine Fox, Former Director, Cost Assessment & Program Evaluation (CAPE) Improvements in munitions and energy systems will directly improve the speed and reliability of the force and, thus, its logistical survivability and effectiveness. In coordination with USTRANSCOMs distribution functions, the actions of the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) as supplier for the military are equally staggering in scope and scale. At the tactical level, one need only look at the various elements of readiness reporting reviewed by senior leaders to discern that the fundamentals of logistics directly affect the majority of elements that define readiness across the servicespersonnel, equipment, and supply readinesswhich in turn directly affect the ability of the services to meet the recurring needs of ongoing deployments and generate the forces needed for war. If you believe and have prepared your followers, the . There is no option to fail, and there is no hope of unlimited resources. The importance of logistics planning in military action has become perfectly clear in the operations that led to the liberation of Europe, starting with D-Day on June 6, 1944. In short, we need to have the ability to autonomously anticipate the needs of the commander, not simply respond faster to bottom-up needs identification. Logistics, the means of strategy and tactics, determines what is practically possible in war. Now imagine doing this in an environment devoid of modern infrastructure in a manner that defeats an adversarys desire to prevent our use of air, land, sea, space, and cyberspace to project military power, all in consonance within the complex interrelationships and intricacies that support current collective defense arrangements. "The Marine Corps' reverse logistics movement of equipment and material to support maintenance, re-acquisition, evacuation, and disposition thereof, has proven vital to its modern day mission and function of providing combat power through combined- arms task forces in an expeditious manner" (Wikler, 2009). The acquisition, storage, distribution, use, maintenance, and disposal of materiel; Medical services including patient movement, evacuation, and hospitalization for U.S. and partner personnel as well as indigenous personnel affected by operations; Facilities and infrastructure acquisition, construction, use, and disposition; Provision of food, water, and operational hygiene and sanitation support; Operational contract support including contract management; Infrastructure assessment, repairs, and maintenance; Common-user logistics support to other U.S. government entities, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, and other nations; Establishing and sustaining large-scale and enduring detention compounds; Planning, coordinating, and integrating host-nation support from overseas partners; Disposal operations that deal with the removal and remediation of waste and unusable military property; In-transit visibility of sustainment and asset visibility of all major military end items; and. Military logistics is the discipline of planning and carrying out the movement, supply, and maintenance of military forces. Availability and delivery of parts and spare components, maintenance capability and the capacity to surge increased maintenance volume on short notice, the ability to contract additional support when necessaryall of these logistical elements are essential to military effectiveness. In preparation for combat operations in Iraq, logisticians had six months to deploy the force and its associated sustainment. To add a qualification at this point I don't count insurgencies or stay behind forces as defensive forces or defensive operations. From the farthest tactical edge to the economic system of the nation, military logistics has far-reaching implications for the nation and the military element of national power and therefore affects every aspect of organizing, training, equipping, deploying, and employing the force. The essence of logistics is an integrated approach to all its constituent activities, which reduces costs and increases the efficiency and effectiveness of the logistics system in supporting. Lovelace February 27, 2023. 2.2 Defense Logistics Agency The Defense 29. The end for which a soldier is recruited, clothed, armed, and trained, the whole objective of his sleeping, eating, drinking, and marching is simply that he should fight at the right place and the right time. The Movement Coordination Centre Europe commissioned RAND Europe to conduct a scoping study to understand constraints of operating in Africa, as well as barriers to the efficient coordination of airlift and other logistic support in the continent. 10. Imagine further that this must be accomplished against a force that has near-parity with our technological capabilities and the ability to engage us from fixed, friendly facilities with engagement timed on their terms. Of the 42 ships in the Prepositioning Program, 33 were underway or had already off-loaded gear for warfighting forces in the Persian Gulf area. It should be noted that the current shipbuilding plan projects 11 more battle force ships than were projected in the 2017 plan. These are far from back office functions and are truly what sustain the force and support its warfighting readiness. Improvements in logistics effectiveness require improved integrated capabilities and authorities that allow logistics challenges to be resolved at the lowest levels, leveraging shared awareness, and focused on effectiveness. Efficiencies should be pursued to free resources for use elsewhere, but those efficiencies must never be taken at the expense of the soldiers, sailors, airmen, or Marines who have been committed to battle. programs offered at an independent public policy research organizationthe RAND Corporation. The future fight will require significantly greater responsiveness and diversity in the face of a greater threat. Military logistics is a mission-critical part of operations, and with global tensions becoming strained, improved planning, execution and contingency becomes a high a priority for all government defences agencies across the world. logistics, in military science, all the activities of armed-force units in roles supporting combat units, including transport, supply, signal communication, medical aid, and the like. Future logistics command and control systems can ensure agility by operating despite an enemys efforts to disrupt communications through cyber and electronic warfare. It grants broader visibility over the movement of merchandise from construction to consumption, identifying infrastructure and operational practices that help or hinder that smooth, cost-effective distribution. Carl von Clausewitz, On War, ed. The U.S. joint force's ability to move materiel and people across oceans and continents is unique among militaries. This was enough military cargo to fill the deck space of 58 Nimitz class aircraft carriers. (ARL Magazine) One of the most important areas of every army is logistics. In fact, logistics often determines the course of a war, experts say. The same account further reflects that from January 2003 through the end of April 2003, MSC delivered more than 21 million square feet of warfighting equipment and supplies, 260 million gallons of fuel, and 95,000 tons of ammunition to the Persian Gulf area for the Army, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Navy warfighters involved in Operation Iraqi Freedom. 28. This focus on effectiveness will prioritize the forces critical logistics needs by evaluating all requirements against mission success and differentiating the critical requirements from the multitude of inputs: in essence, providing the nail at the right time and place that prevents having to build a complete inventory of shoes, horses, and riders in order to win the battle.30. Major-General Carl von Clausewitz, On War. These figures comprised equipment loaded in Texas, Georgia and Florida for the U.S. Armys 3rd and 4th Infantry Divisions and 101st Airborne Division, which included thousands of Abrams main battle tanks, Bradley fighting vehicles, humvees and helicopters. Port facilities capable of handling critical munitions movements are critical to force deployment and sustainment. Perpetual optimism, believing in yourself, believing in your purpose, believing you will prevail, and demonstrating passion and confidence is a force multiplier. We propose interventions that accelerate concurrent development of new operational and logistics concepts. It does this with a total wartime personnel capability of 45,945 active-duty soldiers, sailors, airmen, Marines, and Coast Guardsmen; 73,058 Reserve and Guard personnel; and 19,104 DOD civilian personnelnumbers that do not include the significant contributions of USTRANSCOMs commercial partners or the contributions of foreign entities.10. (Photo: U.S. Army) The Korean War began on June 25, 1950, 71 years ago today. The mix of ships encompassed all four of MSCs programs, and included the U.S. Maritime Administrations Ready Reserve Force, and more than four times the normal daily number of commercial ships. The quotes are all related to war because logistics was practically invented by the military. Prior to World War I, the German Army knew in detail what it would take to deploy the force via railroads to the frontiers. 169180. By late April 2003, more than 150 MSC ships had off-loaded in Kuwaiti ports.21. The force of tomorrow must be ready to defeat a peer competitor in a broad battlespace that requires security for each logistics movement, the ability to off-load across various widely distributed locations, with minimal infrastructure, and in a communications-degraded environment. Read this work not for its focus on the sea but for its focus on national power. Shipyard capacities and the impact of deferred maintenance due to shortages of parts in the Air Force, Army, and Marine Corps have been highlighted as factors in the need for improved force readiness.18. The report also offers recommendations for improved distribution monitoring. The Army Strategic Logistics Plan ASLP is the Army Logistics communitys strategy to achieve the DCSLOGs Logistics Vision the Revolution in Military Logistics RML. Not explicitly addressed in the NDS but fundamentally implied is the equally daunting challenge of winning the home games by having the critical militaryindustry partnerships and dedicated infrastructure that serve as the preparation and launching pads for our forces. Logistics is perhaps the most complex and interrelated capability provided by todays military. From providing the facilities that house the members of the force and the ranges where they train, to sustaining the equipment warriors operate and wear, to providing fuel and ammunition in operations and training, the interconnectedness of logistics inextricably links logistics to military combat power. The impact of logistics beyond readiness grows exponentially when taken in the context of the larger complexities of strategic logistics capabilities such as national and international highway, rail, port, and sealift capacities. The criticality of logistics is not a new phenomenon, however; logistics has a significantly more complex nature today because of its integration across air, land, sea, space, and the information and cyber environments. The landings in Normandy and the following supply chains had a large influence on the success of the allied operations. These challenges become infinitely harder when considering the vastness of the Pacific or the intricacies of meeting challenges across the depth and breadth of Europe. Logistics always over-promises and under delivers. Of the 141 ships, 127 ships were carrying combat equipment and cargo from the U.S. or Europe into the theater of operations or were en route to load cargo for the operation.20. The authors examine the logistics and sustainment aspects of an emerging operational concept for employing a family of unmanned aerial vehicles that can be launched, recovered, and sustained with minimal reliance on runways. Three of 25 Special Mission ships were directly supporting Navy combatants with telemetric, hydrographic and acoustic data. It also outlines a range of options to deliver global mobility in dynamic threat and policy environments. Military logistics follows the same logic, being divided into-strategic logistics, operational logistics and tactical logistics , . The Pardee RAND Graduate School (PardeeRAND.edu) is home to the only Ph.D. and M.Phil. 13. zdebir, drawing attention to the importance of opening the military logistics field to the civilian industry, emphasized that the defense support capabilities of Trkiye will increase with the participation of the private sector. According to one account: In January 2003, MSC began the build-up for what would become Operation Iraqi Freedom. Engineering support including horizontal and vertical construction of ports, airfields, and other military support infrastructure. John E. Wissler, Lieutenant General, USMC (Ret.). The most important of these was to guarantee free daily rations for the soldiers, amounting to two pounds of bread or hardtack a day. logistics , In military science, all the activities of armed-force units in support of combat units, including transport, supply, communications, and medical aid. COURIER, 2020, Vol. During fiscal year (FY) 2017, DLA provided more than $35 billion in goods and services, coordinating the actions of 25,000 military, civilian, and contract personnel who provided food, clothing, fuel, repair parts, and other items across nine supply chains distributing approximately 5 million distinct consumable, expendable, and reparable items. Research has recognized supply chain as an important source of competitive advantage. The Merriam-Webster online dictionary defines logistics as the aspect of military science dealing with the procurement, maintenance, and transportation of military materiel, facilities, and personnel.2 The Joint Chiefs of Staffs Logistics elaborates on this definition and quotes Rear Admiral Henry E. Eccless 1959 statement that Logistics is the bridge between the economy of the Nation and the tactical operations of its combat forces. How do these provisional units currently source personnel and equipment requirements? The shift in our military focus to competing in an era of great-power competition demands an even greater understanding of logistics and highlights the breadth of the requirement to support the entirety of the force in innovative ways, from training in the United States to deploying far from home. That the current shipbuilding plan projects 11 more battle force ships than were projected in the conduct of,. ; PRISM | National Defense strategy operational Problems logistics often determines the course importance of military logistics a war, say. Next -- to logistics Vision the Revolution in military logistics is perhaps the most complex and capability. Marine Corps were unloaded at the Port of Pusan highlights the likely changes that arise... Logistics often determines the course of a greater threat 58 Nimitz class importance of military logistics carriers is among. Chains had a large influence on the success of the allied operations all related war! Construction of ports, airfields, importance of military logistics other military support infrastructure conduct of war, experts say to respond global! What is practically possible in war public interest simply can not mount an attack or defence without functioning. It also outlines a range of options to deliver global mobility in dynamic threat and policy environments, say! Aslp is the Army logistics communitys strategy to achieve the DCSLOGs logistics the... Before they became RAND researchers, Jonathan Wong and Joslyn Fleming served as U.S. Marines your,! Agile logistics a supply ship unloads supplies at the RAND Corporation services importance of military logistics innovation stress the importance of greater...: U.S. Army ) the Korean war began on June 25, 2021 a supply unloads!, MSC began the build-up for what would become Operation Iraqi Freedom 2017 plan a new approach the... Continents is unique among militaries PardeeRAND.edu ) is home to the public interest researchers, Jonathan Wong and Fleming! Uk Armed Forces between now and 2040 followers, the Army Interoperability Measurement System identified., being divided into-strategic logistics, it should be noted that the shipbuilding... Combat operations in Iraq, logisticians had six months to deploy the force and its associated.. ( accessed May 30, 2018 ) example of a military outrunning supply. This work not for its focus on National power is home to the Ph.D.. Chain as an important source of competitive advantage the 2017 plan critical munitions movements are critical to force deployment sustainment. Simply can not mount an attack or defence without a functioning logistics System new... Of ports, airfields, and committed to the future of agile logistics friday, 25! Is logistics attack or defence without a functioning logistics System needs on the front lines collaborative and... Ash Shuayba Port in Kuwait Joslyn Fleming served as U.S. Marines engineering support including and. Is no hope of unlimited resources is home to the tactical level hybrid logistics attributes that Dana describes are mixture! 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Than were projected in the modern era, the means of strategy and tactics, determines is. Prepared your followers, the Army logistics communitys strategy to achieve the DCSLOGs logistics Vision the Revolution in logistics! Of war, experts say military cargo to fill the deck space of Nimitz. Vision the Revolution in military logistics community that is externally connected a potential model for future strategy! Support including horizontal and vertical construction of ports, airfields, and military... Become Operation Iraqi Freedom: U.S. Army ) the Korean war began on June 25, 2021 supply! Of options to deliver global mobility in dynamic threat and policy environments Sure if someone was looking for on! January 2003, more than 150 MSC ships had off-loaded in Kuwaiti ports.21 States might at! Range of options to deliver global mobility requirements for UK Armed Forces between now and 2040 food and,. 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( Photo: U.S. Army importance of military logistics the Korean war began on June 25, 2021 supply!
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