The demon inside the man knew immediately who Jesus was and the authority he had over him. And the book of the prophet Isaiah was handed to Him. "It was necessary on the Sabbath, therefore, for Christ to act deliberately against prevailing misconceptions in order to restore the day to God's intended purpose" (Divine Rest for Human Restlessness, page 150). Some Jewish traditions hold that there were places of assembly for the study of Torah during the time of the Temple of Solomon. On the one hand, they condemned as sinful the merciful work needed to free someone from their burden of physical pain and spiritual suffering. (1) Christians describe the church activity of formal interaction with God as "worship." Jesus, in keeping with his culture, would simply begin with "It is written " knowing his audience would recognize an accurate quote. This is a remarkable example of God's preparation, as the passage Jesus read was exactly the passage that he used to explain his ministry. . This inscription parallels the primary purpose of the synagogue as attested in the ancient literary sources. A rereading of the Gospels mention of synagogues shows that the Gospels attest to what we see in archaeology and other ancient sources that synagogues in the land of Israel served primarily as a place of Torah reading and instruction (see Matthew 4:23; 9:35; Mark 1:21; 6:2; Luke 4:15-27; 6:6; 13:10; John 6:59). After the destruction of the temple, prayer became the central religious practice of the synagogue. And they questioned Jesus, asking, "Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?" Following that, a section of the Prophets was read in Hebrew with an interpreter to recite it in the common tongue. The architecture of these early synagogues, in fact, corroborates the primary role of the synagogue as a place of Torah reading and teaching as expressed in the Theodotos inscription and the literary sources. The Gospels record at least seven times when Jesus went into his local synagogue in Nazareth or Capernaum and read from the Scriptures and then taught the people (see Matthew 13:54; Mark 6:2; Luke 4:16; John 6:59; etc.). Jesus was the consummate teacher, not only because of how he taught but because of what he taught. A local caretaker (unfortunately sometimes called "ruler" in the English Bible), called the hazzan, was responsible for maintaining the building and organizing the prayer services (Mark 5:22, 35?36, 38; Luke 8:41-49, 13:14). In fact, the synagogue that stands in Capernaum today was built several centuries after the time of Jesus, and the evidence for a first-century synagogue is disputed. Since synagogue worship wasnt a biblical requirement, many first-century Jews probably didnt consider it necessary. Luke 4:23, where Jesus, speaking in the Nazareth synagogue, refers to "what . Jesus, after a stinging rebuke of some religious leaders for upholding traditions they said represented God's will, summed up his criticism of them by stating the following. The answers to these questions not only illuminate stories in the New Testament, they also shed light on the early years of an important Jewish institution. Jesus' attitude toward the synagogue . And I said, Lord, they themselves understand that in one synagogue after another I used to imprison and beat those who believed in You. The Gospels specifically mention those of Nazareth (Matt.13:54) and Capernaum (Mark 1:21). They went to Capernaum, and when the Sabbath came, Jesus went into the synagogue and began to teach. Then Ezra the priest brought the law before the assembly of men, women and all who could listen with understanding, on the first day of the seventh month. According to the New Testament Gospels, Jesus often taught in synagogues, one of which was in Capernaum (Mark 1:21-28), in northern Israel.The book of Acts suggests that the apostle Paul also taught in synagogues (Acts 17:1-2).But what exactly were synagogues in the first century C.E. Jews describe the same activity in synagogues (or, in Bible times, in the Temple) as "prayer." The brethren immediately sent Paul and Silas away by night to Berea, and when they arrived, they went into the synagogue of the Jews. Priests and Levites would then read portions of the law. Focus on the Family is committed to helping families thrive according to Gods Word! Nonetheless, there are remains of a few first-century synagogues in Israel and Palestine, including buildings in Gamla, Masada, and Herodium. Therefore, though synagogues were found in some first-century communities, their status as places of worship was limited until after the temple was destroyed in 70 C.E. 4:23). Learn about upcoming promotions, releases, and other updates from That the World May Know. This article discusses the three Biblically recorded miracles Jesus performed during synagogue services. Any adult member of the community was eligible to speak the sermon called the derashah. Then Ezra blessed the Lord the great God. Not only did they frequently accuse him of using the powers of darkness to work wonders, they also asserted he was possessed of the devil (John 7:20, 8:48, 10:20, Matthew 10:25, 12:24). Now when they had traveled through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they came to Thessalonica, where there was a synagogue of the Jews. Answer (1 of 30): Jesus got kicked out of church once. 16 s And he came to t Nazareth, where he had been brought up. The following section will explain three prominent topics in Jesus's teachings: (1) the reality of the kingdom of God, (2) living in the kingdom of God, and (3) the Lord of the kingdom of God. Luke 5:2 He saw two boats at the edge of the lake. Understanding the synagogue and its place in Jesus' life and teaching is an important step in hearing his message in the cultural context in which God placed it. By the first century, a synagogue was found in most of the towns and villages of Galilee. They did this because their original audience understood them. At first, the listeners liked the message that Jesus preached. And there were many lepers in Israel in the time of Elisha the prophet; and none of them was cleansed, but only Naaman the Syrian.. B. Teaching at Nazareth. . 1. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a127da74975c336 By this time, we know he was a carpenter. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the position of the Church. If you are trying to schedule a speaking engagement for Ray Vander Laan, please email Alison at [emailprotected], That the World May Know Ministries (TTWMK). And yet, before we can even begin to understand the magnificent and thrilling . Now skip down to Luke 4:32. and from there to Philippi, which is a leading city of the district of Macedonia, a Roman colony; and we were staying in this city for some days. He literally makes us to be just, and the Latin word [foreign language 00:13:58] means to make just. But what exactly were synagogues in the first century C.E.? In this way, the community encouraged even its youngest members to be active participants in its religious life. In the morning Simon Peter had preached on "The Kingdom.". Abode.--The word is better translated lodged in Matthew 21:12.Strictly speaking, it meant to lodge, not in a room, but in the court-yard of a house; and so was used generally, in military language, for a "bivouac." Matthew 4:13 describes Jesus leaving Nazareth and settling in Capernaum. It states their opposition to Jesus was based on a belief he used magic to perform his wonders. The New York Times is again suggesting Jesus was a Palestinian, despite having to apologize for doing so in the past. I have always taught in synagogues and in the temple, where all Jews come together. John, six months older than Jesus, was then imprisoned and . The gospels record several occasions when Jesus performed a healing on the Sabbath day.In most of those instances, the healing was followed by a confrontation with the religious leaders (Mark 3:1-6, Luke 6:6-10; 13:10-17; 14:1-6; John 5:1-18). 6 Jesus went out from there and *came into [] His hometown; and His disciples *followed Him. Found in: Mark 1:21-28 and John 4:31-36. The sermon was frequently quite short (Jesus spoke only a few words, Luke 4:21). And all the people answered, Amen, Amen! while lifting up their hands; then they bowed low and worshiped the Lord with their faces to the ground. Signs and wonders were integral to his ministry (Matt 11.5) and his followers clearly continued the same kind of miracles and healings (Acts 5.12). In that way, it proved to be a significant part of God's preparing exactly the right cultural practices for his Son's ministry. There are six days in which men are obligated to work; therefore, during those days come and be healed, but not on the SABBATH DAY (Luke 13:14). 26 Bible Verses about Synagogue. While You Wait - Acts 1. It is the first time the New Testament records religious leaders actively watching to see if Christ violated one of their rules regarding proper Sabbath observance (Matthew 12:10). There was a seat for the reader of the Torah called the Moses Seat (or the Seat of Honor), because the Torah recorded the words of Moses so the reader was taking Moses place (Matt. Jesus spent much time in synagogues (Matt. On the other hand, it was considered acceptable to labor, on Saturday, to tie up an animal, lead them to a trough, haul heavy buckets of water out of a well, and then dump the buckets so that their beasts could drink. Although the hazzan was in charge of worship services, the prayer leader, readers, and even the one who delivered the short sermon could be any adult member of the community. While teaching in the synagogue in Capernaum, Christ was confronted by a demon-possessed man. Mark 4:1 Once again Jesus began to teach beside the sea, and such a large crowd gathered around Him that He got into a boat and sat in it, while all the people crowded along the shore. When looked from a Jewish perspective . Ezekiel 14:1. The piety of Jesus' parents continues in Jesus, as on the Sabbath day he went into the synagogue, as was his custom. Note the power our Savior possessed! Archaeologists have uncovered only a few first century synagogues in the land of Israel. Modern readers of the New Testament are often confronted with a frustrating reality that the New Testament authors wrote without explaining important details. And as we find in the Gospels, Jesus spent a good amount of time in his ministry talking about and driving out demons. They also served as banks, hostels for travelers, and large banqueting halls. The synagogue was not simply a place to share God's Word, but also an important part of the Jewish people's relationship to God. Scriptures: Matthew 13:54-58. And as I punished them often in all the synagogues, I tried to force them to blaspheme; and being furiously enraged at them, I kept pursuing them even to foreign cities. 1 But who nevertheless made pilgrimage to Jerusalem only once a . After the reading of the Law and the Prophets the synagogue officials sent to them, saying, Brethren, if you have any word of exhortation for the people, say it.. At this point the boy was supposed to enter upon that period of life when He should have immediate dealings with the law, receiving it no longer . Later they began to study the more complicated oral interpretations of the Torah. All the food was already prepared because no work was permitted during this time in most traditions. In Iconium they entered the synagogue of the Jews together, and spoke in such a manner that a large number of people believed, both of Jews and of Greeks. In other words, the buildings reflected the primary role of synagogues as Jewish community centers, with worship as a secondary use of the space. Interestingly, the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia asserts that first century Jewish leaders did not oppose healing miracles per se on the Sabbath. He read from it before the square which was in front of the Water Gate from early morning until midday, in the presence of men and women, those who could understand; and all the people were attentive to the book of the law. God pours his love into our heart and changes us and makes us morally righteous. It provides windows into the material culture of ancient peoples, which informs our reading of the Bible. The problem with the Encyclopedia's argument is that the New Testament clearly states that Jewish leaders opposed any healing on Saturday (Luke 13:14, Matthew 12:10). Jesus Rejected at Nazareth. 6:24-26), if a priest was present to offer it. . It often refers to the House of Assembly. By the time a person was an adult, he knew most of the Scriptures by heart. Around the age of 30, we know Jesus started his ministry. When they bring you before the synagogues and the rulers and the authorities, do not worry about how or what you are to speak in your defense, or what you are to say; His parents said this because they were afraid of the Jews; for the Jews had already agreed that if anyone confessed Him to be Christ, he was to be put out of the synagogue. One of the obvious differences in chronology between John's gospel and the 'Synoptics' (Matthew, Mark and Luke) is that John gives an account of Jesus in Jerusalem on four different occasions, two during a Passover ( John 2.13, 12.12 ), one during an unnamed festival . He performed miracles and spoke with an authority no one else could match! In Luke 13:10-17, Jesus is teaching in an unnamed synagogue, and heals a woman who was unable to stand up straight on the Sabbath. He stretched it out, and it was restored to normal, like the other. Mark 1:21 John 6:59 Luke 4:16 Synagogues are the predecessor of churches. A synagogue was discovered in Magdala on the shore of the lake of Galilee in 2009 as work crews dug foundations for a future hotel. When did the synagogue come into use? I thank God that I baptized none of you except Crispus and Gaius. and were continually in the temple praising God. At the time, Jesus' ministry was less than a year old (it started in the fall of 26). The Mishnah (the written record of the oral traditions of Jesus' time and after) recorded that the gifted student began study of the written Torah at age five, studied oral traditions at age 12, became a religious adult at 13, studied the application of Torah and tradition at 15, learned a trade at 20, and entered his full ability at 30. Here, the place in which Jesus taught and in which he cast out an unclean spirit ( Mark 1.21-28, Luke 4.31, 32) is shown. This synagogue, dated to the first century based upon coins found in the excavation, contains a mosaic floor and frescoed walls and columns. a MATT. These things He said in the synagogue as He taught in Capernaum. . And he arose and stood in their midst . And he entered the synagogue and continued speaking out boldly for three months, reasoning and persuading them about the kingdom of God. It appears that the early church patterned itself after the synagogue and continued the same practice of living and worshiping together as a community, often in private homes (Acts 2:42?47). There are many references on this in all the gospels; but here is . I Said It - John 1:1-2, 6. 3 Is this . And He opened the book and found the place where it was written, Because He anointed Me to preach the gospel to the poor, He has sent Me to proclaim release to the captives, To proclaim the favorable year of the Lord. For example, he stood up to read (Luke 4:16; see t. Sukkah 2.10), most likely standing before a Torah reading stand like rested upon the stone base discovered at Magdala. In the time of Jesus, the Temple in Jerusalem was still standing, and was the focus of Jewish worship, as it had been for many hundreds of years. Jesus was the creator of all things (John 1:1-3) and He created the Sabbath and made it holy (Genesis 2:2-3.) In later synagogues, elaborate mosaics with a variety of designs covered the floor (none exist from Jesus' time). Published: April 8, 2016. In Iconium they entered the synagogue of the Jews together, and spoke in such a manner that a large number of people believed, both of Jews and of Greeks. The book of Acts suggests that the apostle Paul also taught in synagogues (Acts 17:1-2). The synagogue was school, meeting place, courtroom, and place of prayer. It was customary to stand while reading Scripture but to sit while teaching. . Although scholars used to assume that the Pharisees (the likely precursors to the rabbis) were in charge of synagogues, most first-century sources identify elders, priests, and archisynagogoi (Greek for heads of synagogues) as the leaders of synagogues (Philo, Hypothetica 7.12-3, Theodotus Inscription, Mark 5:22-23). A synagogue was discovered in Magdala on the shore of the lake of Galilee in 2009 as work crews dug foundations for a future hotel. They read from the book, from the law of God, translating to give the sense so that they understood the reading. And on the Sabbath day we went outside the gate to a riverside, where we were supposing that there would be a place of prayer; and we sat down and began speaking to the women who had assembled. The synagogues at Gamla in the Golan and Magdala in Galilee have benches around the walls, which makes the focal point for those seated on the benches the center of the room where Torah reading and instruction took place. The Temple is called the House of Prayer (Isa. . There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Synagogue is associated with Jewish culture. --so that they might accuse Him. I'm not sure there's anything worse than to be rejected, and every week millions of Americans watch a TV show . Question-and-answer sessions between teacher and student were added to the memorization drills. The congregation recited the Shema: "Hear, 0 Israel: The LORD our God, the Lord is one"(Deut. 23:2). After all readings, a short sermon would be offered, often by the reader of the Torah or Haftarah. So He came to Nazareth where He had been brought up. Boys and girls went to school in Galilee though boys continued till they were 15 if they displayed unusual ability while the girls were married by that time. And beside him stood Mattithiah, Shema, Anaiah, Uriah, Hilkiah, and Maaseiah on his right hand; and Pedaiah, Mishael, Malchijah, Hashum, Hashbaddanah, Zechariah and Meshullam on his left hand. Is there a second gift of Christ that can only be received in the temple? Of course, not all decoration is architectural. The issue of first century synagogues is further complicated because the synagogue itself underwent a transformation after the Roman destruction of the temple in Jerusalem in AD 70. Jesus spent much time in synagogues . Matthew 4:23 - And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of sickness and all manner of disease among the people. (37) In the day time . . In the synagogue there was a man possessed by the spirit of an unclean demon, and he cried out with a loud voice. Additionally, there is not a single Scripture that even hints demons (or Satan himself) ever received or exercised the power to heal! If you would like to read more the first century synagogues, I recommend Alfred Edersheim's "The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah", book 3, chapter 10. But they worship Me in vain, teaching for doctrine the commandments of men (Matthew 15:9, see also chapter 23). Both of Jesus' parents had "done everything required by the Law of the Lord" (Luke 2:39). The earliest archaeological evidence for a synagogue comes from Egypt dating to the second half of the third century BC, where the synagogue was called a place of prayer (see Acts 16:13, 16). But I say to you in truth, there were many widows in Israel in the days of Elijah, when the sky was shut up for three years and six months, when a great famine came over all the land; and yet Elijah was sent to none of them, but only to Zarephath, in the land of Sidon, to a woman who was a widow. The Gospels record that Jesus went throughout Galilee teaching in their synagogues Yet the Christian reader rarely ponders the significance of such an apparently common structure so central in Jesus ministryThe synagogue provided a. Archaeological evidence is scant for those early synagogues, though later ones left much more substantial remains. Outside was a Mikveh (ritual bath) for the symbolic cleansing required for entrance into the synagogue. This would have been a natural thing for Jesus to do since he was a . The Lord's second of three synagogue miracles takes place in an unnamed city shortly after Passover in 28 A.D. (Luke 6:6 - 10, Matthew 12:9 - 13, Mark 3:1 - 5). Each particular worship service was officiated by a delegate of the congregation who was selected by the chief ruler. 14 And Jesus returned to Galilee in the power of the Spirit, and news about Him spread through all the surrounding district. He taught in them (Matt. They read from the book, from the law of God, translating to give the sense so that they understood the reading. While they stood in their place, they read from the book of the law of the. Jewish scholars believe Ezekiel's reassuring promise that God would provide a "sanctuary" (11:16) for his people is a reference to the small groups that gathered in their homes during the exile to recall God's covenant, his law, and especially the redemptive promises of the prophets. Until the year 70 C.E., the focal point of Jewish worship was the Jerusalem temple, where a hereditary priesthood offered sacrifices as described in the Hebrew Bible. How many times did Jesus visit Jerusalem. And he did so, and his hand was restored . What have we to do with You, Jesus, the Nazarene? It is likely that these godly people, having learned a hard lesson about the importance of obedience to God, assembled regularly to study his Torah to prevent the sins of their ancestors from being repeated. In this article, he provides insights to the purpose of the first century synagogues compared to later centuries and how archaeology sheds light on the biblical text, which in turn is shown to be accurate in its descriptions. The early Christians continued to attend synagogues, though with a new interpretation of the Torah, now that Jesus had been revealed as Messiah (Acts 13:14). The synagogue of Capernaum affirms the authority of Jesus' "new" teaching (Mark 1:21-28). Following the Torah portion, a section from the prophets (called the Haphtarah) would be read by the same or another reader. Jesus was a religiously observant Jew. Luke's account of Jesus' teaching in the synagogue in Nazareth contains many cultural details that modern readers gloss over. The word synagogue is derived from the Greek word 'Sinagogos.'. This synagogue, dated to the first century based upon coins found in the excavation, contains a mosaic floor and frescoed walls and columns. They *went into Capernaum; and immediately on the Sabbath He entered the synagogue and began to teach. the nights, the words pointing to the mode in which the week was spent from the first day to the evening of the fifth. Published: FEBRUARY 12, 2018 15:37. Now in the seventh year, in the fifth month, on the tenth of the month, certain of the elders of Israel came to inquire of the Lord, and sat before me. The Torah scrolls and the writings of the prophets were either kept in a portable chest and brought to the synagogue for worship or were kept in the Synagogue itself in a permanent Torah cabinet (called the holy ark). Ezra the scribe stood at a wooden podium which they had made for the purpose. Unlike the scribes or others who taught during synagogue services, Christ's teachings did not rely on Jewish traditions or what he "thought" certain Old Testament passages meant. But when some were becoming hardened and disobedient, speaking evil of the Way before the people, he withdrew from them and took away the disciples, reasoning daily in the school of Tyrannus. And they were astonished at His doctrine . There are many theories of the origin of a gathering place called synagogue. All rights reserved. The above angry reply by the synagogue ruler regarding the miracle he witnessed shows, once again, how distorted the Jews understanding of God's commandments had become. The first of three synagogue miracles (and his first recorded casting out of a demon) takes place in Capernaum a short time after the Day of Pentecost in 27 A.D. (Luke 4:16 - 30). Give now to help That The World May Know Ministries reveal the heart of Scripturethrough life-changing study tours, an engaging film series, and morefor a greater understanding of Gods Word than ever before. He did not minister, teach or do anything miraculous until the Spirit had not only come on him (at his baptism) but come on him 'with power' (Luke 4.14). and asked for letters from him to the synagogues at Damascus, so that if he found any belonging to the Way, both men and women, he might bring them bound to Jerusalem. for he loves our nation and it was he who built us our synagogue., New American Standard Bible Copyright 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman Foundation, La Habra, Calif. All rights reserved. Mark 1:21. The Torah scrolls would be brought out by the hazzan and would be read in several portions, sometimes as many as seven. And once again we see that not only does the New Testament reflect the world of ancient Judaism, but it is a faithful witness to it. Titles and functions of synagogue officials: 1. Jews pray facing toward Jerusalem, so often the design of these later synagogues faces toward Jerusalem. The Gospels record that "Jesus went throughout Galilee, teaching in their synagogues." Yet the Christian reader rarely ponders the significance of such an apparently common structure so central in Jesus' ministry.The synagogue provided a ready platform for the teaching of Jesus and later the apostle Paul. "Jesus went about all Galilee," reports Matthew 4:23, "teaching in their synagogues." Given its location near the Wadi Hammam, the connection between Mary Magdalene and Jesus, and the fact that Magdala is only six miles (10 kilometers) from Capernaum, it seems unlikely that Jesus never visited the building. The iconography of this stone derives from the temple and its worship. It also keeps us from anachronistically assuming that first century synagogue practice mirrored later and even modern synagogue realities. physical evidence of Palestinian synagogues near the time of . that offers deep and sometimes surprising insight into the Word of God through close examination of the culture of the day, biblical sites, and archaeological records. . One can see this especially with regard to religious practices and institutions, and spiritual expressions. This meant that worship and study, friendship and community celebration, and even the governing of the community were all done by the same people in the same place. became thereby a legitimate offshoot of the Jewish synagogue. We are one body because we are made that way through Jesus (1 Cor. Luke 4:23, where Jesus, speaking in the Nazareth synagogue, refers to "what has been . The beginning of the assembly of people for the purpose of study and prayer (the Jewish way of describing worship) appears to be the Babylonian exile after the destruction of the first Temple. Chad Spigel is an assistant professor of religion at Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas. Many Disciples Desert Jesus. For example Mark 1:21 says that Jesus and his disciples traveled to Capernaum, and "when the Sabbath came, he [Jesus] entered the synagogue and taught." Additionally, we have uncovered buildings from the Second Temple period (before the destruction of the Temple in 70 C.E.) 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Authority no one else could match towns and villages of Galilee to teach of... Palestine, including buildings in Gamla, Masada, and other sacred writings and brought out... Of ancient peoples, which informs our reading of the Scriptures by heart interpreter to it! Men ( Matthew 15:9, see also chapter 23 ) New Testament are often confronted with a frustrating that... Time, we know Jesus started his ministry talking about and driving out.! Became thereby a legitimate offshoot of the temple is called the Haphtarah ) would be read in Hebrew an... And they questioned Jesus, asking, `` is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath entered... Scrolls and other sacred writings and brought them out at the edge of Scriptures., refers to & quot ; to apologize for doing so in the Nazareth synagogue refers! Mirrored later and even modern synagogue realities on a belief he used magic to his. ( Deut per se on the Sabbath came, Jesus ' time.! Fall of 26 ) worship wasnt a biblical requirement, many first-century Jews didnt..., despite having to apologize for doing so in the synagogue and began to teach with a variety designs. Did not oppose healing miracles per se on the Family is committed to helping families according... Greek word & # x27 ; attitude toward the synagogue and continued speaking out boldly for three months reasoning! And the authority he had been brought up i have always taught in synagogues and in the century..., speaking in the past Christ that can only be received in the of! Kicked out of church once the surrounding district and Jesus returned to Galilee in the morning Simon had... World May know law of God, the Lord is one '' ( Deut having to apologize for so. He was a Palestinian, despite having to apologize for doing so in the Gospels ; but here is religious. Christ that can only be received in the ancient literary sources Jesus returned to Galilee in the as. During this time, we know Jesus started his ministry Jesus to do since was... C.E. out at the appropriate times ( luke 4:1-20 ) means to make just Capernaum ; and his *. Jesus spent a good amount of time in his ministry to Nazareth he! He cried out with a frustrating reality that the World May know purpose of the Jews most.... He was a vain, teaching for doctrine the commandments of men Matthew... * went into the material culture of ancient peoples, which informs our reading of origin!
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