catholic school uniforms 1960s

stories, pictures and cooking tales from an english woman living in rome. According to Sally Dwyer-McNulty, author ofCommon Threads: A Cultural History of Clothing in American Catholicism, by the late 19th and early 20th centuries, boys were often wearing military-style clothing, while girls were wearing simple dresses in a style named after former naval tailor Peter Thompson. Hair syles were short. Some schools use tan slacks and skirts instead of black. There is this idea in some strands of Catholic teaching that a woman is prone to vanity and should be concerned with modesty. While I was researching this book, I interviewed a uniform maker named George Bendinger who is credited with starting the plaid uniform, at least in Philadelphia. 972 Payne Avenue. Moderation was the rule. As parochial schools became more common, demand for uniforms resulted in brown jumpers paired with yellow-, tan-, and mint-colored blouses by the late 1950s, but the simple navy and white uniform remained the standard style. This is an interesting Hub - voted up and interesting. Athletic shoes and sandals were not allowed. And I thought, Why did I assume that he should be?. Not just a beret oh no it was a felt Panama hat in winter and a straw one in summer. Voted up, interesting and sharing. Our global marketplace is a vibrant community of real people connecting over special goods. Does shopping on Etsy help support small businesses? Hair was to be cut to the ears or just above, with a cleanly edged necklinehair shaved short or in a crew cut was fine. Boards are the best place to save images and video clips. This economic comfort also resulted in schools changing uniforms. The clothing also wasnt that far from the sisters own appearance. A family would have to make an initial investment, but then they didnt have to worry about having a variety of clothing for their children. Then, as I was leaving the building to go outside, I ran into Sister Mary Gertrude and she asked me if I ate everything on the tray? Soon there were businesses that specialized in making Catholic school uniforms. Instead, they were meant to be a symbol of Catholic respectability. Meant to be dark and unobtrusive, they signaled that women religious had rejected vanity in service to their vocation. The school was run by a catholic priest and the nuns, of whom, were the sisters of Mary. on WordPress.com, Happy St Davids Day or Dydd Gwyl DewiHapus, Foundation Operation X for languages, cultures and perspectives. I also remember my cousin getting his hair cut in class because it was past his ears and the teacher warned him to get it cut. Any time a child wears a The habits of women religious, for example, often go back to the 16th or 17th century, to the foundresses of their order. clothing. In your third year, as you were coming up to 13 years old, girls moved on to skirts and boys to long trousers. But the uniforms in these new schools looked different from those at earlier institutions. In 9th grade about the time school was ending for the year a bunch of us girls decided we would wear bermuda shorts to school. In the early 1960s, only about one half of Catholic schools had uniform policies, according to David L. Brunsma in his book The School Uniform Movement and What It Tells Us About American Education. Athletic shoes and sandals were not allowed. self-discipline and a greaterresponsibility for personal appearance, Answer: Thanks for asking! Sister M. Luigias fifth-grade class, St. Mary Magdalen de Pazzi Grade School, 1960. The first and second grades were held in a large room on the lower level. And, of course, the clothing of women religious changed still more drastically after the Second Vatican Council, when many communities stopped wearing habits altogether. We begin to note substantial changes by the end of the decade. Naresh Cricket Academy Sports Training & Sensitization. The habits of women religious were often based on widows clothing. The church whitewashed them. I saw Sister Mary Gertrude pull a boy in the first grade by his ear lobe up to the front of the class one day at school. Catholic school uniforms consisting of a blouse and jumper stem from 1920s fashions. If you read letters to Eleanor Roosevelt, people often asked her for hand-me-down clothes or money for clothing. Wikimedia Commons. The most successful public school uniforms are just regular clothing in black and white. (LogOut/ The outcomes were incredible. They were perhaps the least favoured item of uniform. This article was very helpful. White socks are encouraged, but they can wear any color. This type of data sharing may be considered a sale of information under California privacy laws. Catholic schools are communities and families, not a collection of isolated individuals. 27 de fevereiro de 2023 | celebrities with short upper lip. My sisters and other girls always complained that their legs were cold in the winter when we walked to school. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Sister Mary Gertrude wore glasses. We were sent home if our skirts did not end at the mid-knee level or belowno pants, no shorts, no tight skirts, no skirts with slits, etc. Courtesy of the Special Collections Research Center, Temple University Libraries, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. When Cor Jesu opened, that school opted for a less-military look for their band. But there wasnt a store where a family could go to purchase their daughters uniform. Donald's Uniform - The Official School Uniform Store Since 1952. They argue that this directs more of the student's energies toward schoolwork and less toward fashion, beauty, and dating. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. We are very fortunate at Sts. I would always gag when I tried to eat the food. Of course the boys were guests from Xavier Prep and St. Augustine. As Catholic schools became more widespread, schools would market themselves through their uniforms. Originally, requiring uniforms was more economical. Sounds very similar to my uniform when I started at secondary school in 1971 gymslips for the first 2 years and then skirts. As American culture went through the Roaring Twenties, the Great Depression, the Fabulous Fifties, the Counterculture of the 1960 . The school started with 4 teachers and 185 students in first and second grades. One day, a 10th-grade girl with pierced earrings was walking down the hall, and a boy walked by and ripped the earrings from her ears. When I started school there I went into the first grade. In North America. This is quite a chic look and while this photo was taken decades ago, the skirts look pretty . Gift bags, Wrapping, Paper & Greeting Cards, Inflatable, Rope Light and Yard Stake Nativities, Gifts of Gratitude, Hope or Encouragement, Matching First Communion Dresses for Your 18" Doll, Matching First Communion Outfits for Your 18" Doll, Books & Bibles, Electronics, DVD's & Music, Congregational Candles and Candlelight Service Items, Clergy Cassocks, Band Cinctures and Accessories. consequently, decreases taunting and bullying . I loved looking at your photos then I chuckled when I found out that the teachers were those who had degrees . My schools dress code looked like the one you published in your hub. (The opposite was true as well: Often women would wear habits while working in the community to keep them safe in dangerous areas.). A hallmark of modern teen fashion seems to be skin-tight jeans. Socks were required until high school, when socks or hose could be interchanged. By the 1950s, additional choices were available to those who could afford them, such as matching or complementary blazers and cardigans for girls and boys, vests, outerwear, shoes such as Mary Janes, book bags, and belts. We were really tired of kneeling down in hallways to see if our skirts touched the floor. So that led to more changes. Jumpers were also manufactured in burgundy and dark green. He seemed to reemphasize the significance of habits, vestments, and other visual symbols. Did you keep to that or did the memory fade? Wearing a lot of jewelry was discouraged because jangling bracelets and long earrings could become loud and disruptive. There was no wandering into school wearing slippers instead of shoes, hair looking like you hadn't combed it in a week, or skimpy tops that showed your belly or your cleavage. consequently, decreases taunting and bullying . In 1928 Pope Pius XI denounced the dangers of immodest dress and gave specific guidelines for womens clothing: Necklines could be no more than two inches below the hollow of the neck, sleeves must be halfway to the elbow, skirts had to reach below the knee, and stockings couldnt be flesh-colored. Please do not send any artifacts unless directly instructed to, as we are extremely limited on space. But if they were seen doing charitable work in their distinctive clothing, it helped win respect from non-Catholics. Girls wore straight skirts just below the knee, a white blouse, a necktie in school colors and a suit jacket that matched the skirt. The girls in the pictures werent wearing uniforms. We saw a lot of blood. Patty Inglish MS (author) from USA and Asgardia, the First Space Nation on July 16, 2012: Hey, Everybody! Adopting uniforms has helped reduce clothing-related violence in the schools in my city that switched to school uniforms. Common Threads looks at the development of Catholic clothing from the 19th and 20th centuries and how what Catholics wore said a lot about who they were and what they believed. with their school in comparison to those not in uniform. Roman Catholic Nuns Singing-Daughters of Mary, By Smith2006 at en.wikipedia [Public domain], from Wikimedia Commons. Yup, in the 20's a majority of school dress codes required that boys always come with a hat, as hats were usually a part of their school uniform. Unlike the traditional religious school plaids, the public school uniform usually consisted of tan, black or navy blue solid skirts, jumpers, and slacks. By the 1980s, youth from kindergarten to college were wearing nearly anything they wanted. Susan Hazelton from Northern New York on July 15, 2012: Boy, this is a blast from the past. When I was in third grade I started a petition to allow girls to wear pants in winter and got every girl in school (and most of their mothers) to sign it. Today uniforms are permanent press, wrinkle free, and stain resistant. I love the fact that your big outer knickers were called rompers! The nun never said anything about me eating all the food on the tray after that. In the mid-1960s, plaid skirts and blazers replaced jumpers in popularity as Catholic schools appeared in film and television. The first Catholic uniforms for children were in institutions run by Catholic orders, such as asylums. at Notre Dame from St. Mary's Academy in 1955. Baggy saggy pants and underwear showing are pretty silly attention-getters, which also were sent home. Uniforms take a lot of financial pressure off middle- and lower-income families, especially those with multiple children. I wouldn't eat the food, so the nuns told my mother and she said to eat the food, or she would shovel it down my throat. . One of the main things I remember about wearing a school uniform is that it was a rite of passage. Uniforms were quite popular in the 1950s at both Catholic and public school, with most girls required to wear skirts or jumpers of a certain length while boys traditionally wore a button down shirt, slacks, and maybe even a necktie, with options like blazers and cardigans available. St. Paul, MN 55130. . Original Price $39.00 Kids can wear white shirts, blouses, or T-shirts with black slacks, skirts, or shorts (no short shorts), and black shoes. Childhood Memories of growing up in the 1950s and 1960s. Allen Williams from Pennsylvania on April 27, 2012: I remember quite well in the 1960s the girls were not permitted to wear pants. Donning Big Hoop Earrings. On PE day the regulation sports bag was a navy duffel bag. In the 1950s, women religious started driving. 2023 The Arena Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers on this website. Shipping policies vary, but many of our sellers offer free shipping when you purchase from them. All Rights Reserved |, Despite centuries of injustice, the church is worth fighting for, The shared vision of the prophets and Georgia OKeeffe, Good policing requires solidarity with the community. The hat was an intrinsic part of the uniform. Both short sleeves and long sleeves were allowed, but not sleeveless (muscle shirts). Thanks for commenting! In the 1930s Cardinal Mundelein in Chicago started the League of Modesty. Cosmas and Damian to be active members of a Catholic, faith filled community, where . His mother moved the family to Pasadena, California, in 1920, and Robinson attended John Muir Technical High School and Pasadena Community College before transferring to the University of California, Los Angeles. Constitution Avenue, NW Then, there was a time when everybody dressed the same. Peggy Woods from Houston, Texas on July 15, 2012: Great hub Patty. A further million were enrolled in Catholic high schools and post-secondary education was becoming increasingly attainable for the growing middle class. I waited and waited for that teacher to leave the spot, so that I could depose of the food on the tray that I couldn't eat. Jim Davis from Los Angeles on January 04, 2019: I found this article while researching content for a new song I am working on titled "I Remember Sixty Five" the year I graduated from high school. I cant remember if we also wore them under our navy gymfrocks or not; we might have had to wear navy blue bloomers. The Arena Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers to this website may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. (They had to throw that extra "uniform" in at the end of the sentence to make it all that much longer.) In the middle-to-end of the Viet Nam War, there were more important things to attend. One or two rings per hand were permitted, but bracelets and neck chains were discouraged. Thanks for commenting. Over time, uniforms became a symbol of Catholic respectability. Announces Quarterly Cash Dividend Payable March 15, 2023, CW Petroleum Corp (CWPE) Announces Estimated 2022 Revenues, Provides Public Offering/Reverse Split Status Update. Set where you live, what language you speak, and the currency you use. By the late 1960s, Brother Virgil Harris, SC, ran the band program. And they brought the idea of religious uniforms or dress codes with them. This is particularly funny to me now, because my mother tried an auburn rinse on my hair without doing a spot test first, and my hair turned orange. Dont see this option? We wore black stockings with our gymfrocks (as we called them here). st nicholas catholic school st nicholas catholic school. They did love music and singing, though. The years that followed saw continued anti-Catholic sentiment centering on funding the schools. Courtesy of the Special Collections Research Center, Temple University Libraries, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. My brother Jim when he was little. In my city, the parochial school students show their individuality with colorful and wildly patterned socks with their uniforms. Pope John Paul II, for example, made statements about being visually present. There are more to desks than you might see on the surface. About half the schools in the US have implemented some type of school uniform. In this sense, Catholic clothing became a statement about the churchs views on women. Then, after World War II, when the economy was expanding, dioceses also began to have uniforms that werent just intended to save money. We offer private school uniforms and public school uniforms. 19 1920's Boys: Uniforms Included Hats. Sometimes there would be a distinctive uniform just for seniors. Some of the technologies we use are necessary for critical functions like security and site integrity, account authentication, security and privacy preferences, internal site usage and maintenance data, and to make the site work correctly for browsing and transactions. The player who would break the color line, Jack (John) Roosevelt Robinson, was born in Cairo, Georgia, on January 31, 1919. Collect, curate and comment on your files. You select your items and bring them down to the school office where you can . Youll see ad results based on factors like relevancy, and the amount sellers pay per click. The biggest chznge was in boys' hair styles and we begin tonotice some longer cuts. Thank you for visiting our school uniform web site! A Catholic school uniform, in North America, and especially the United States, stereotypically consists of a pleated plaid skirt or jumper (a sleeveless dress), Mary Jane or saddle shoes, a blouse, and a sweater, for girls; for boys, a button-down shirt, a necktie, and dark pants.Actual school uniforms vary widely by location and individual school. Clothing has become this readily available symbol of tradition and of Catholic identity that is appealing to a lot of young Catholics who are joining orders. They were able to reevaluate their vocation as independent-minded women who had chosen to live in religious community. I went to a girls Grammar School in 1961 and the worst part of our uniform was the hat. Turning off personalized advertising opts you out of these sales. Learn more in our Privacy Policy., Help Center, and Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy. Communities of women religious often adopted whatever widows wore during a specific period. Were any of you in grades K12 during the 1960s or 1970s? Many sellers on Etsy offer personalized, made-to-order items. right color or made out of the right material. It is almost impossible to buy "neutral" baby clothes. I had a loose knot in it, so just dropped the tie over my head and tightened it. Or sometimes something sent in the mail from Europe would become bent, so the entire community started wearing it bent. We check email 2-3 times a day on business days. Thirty-Four girls, two boys, and three Sisters made up the delegates for the National Convention of the C.S.M.C. Polo-type shirts were okay as well, but T-shirts were not. No low-cut or backless dresses or blouses were permitted. -- I'm happy this article has been useful for your studies! And in the 1950s Bendinger started supplying these plaid uniforms to students that were somewhat Celtified, or that associated Catholicism with an Irish Celtic heritage. If sleeveless, armholes had to fit closely enough so that no part of the bra, slip, or straps could be seen. A single strand of pearls was another important accessory, especially with sweaters. Indoor PE was done in just gym knickers and a white polo shirt, which came as a shock after being allowed to wear skirts or shorts for PE at primary school. They were worn over normal white cotton pants so I can only think they were for warmth and maybe decency in case your skirt blew up? During the '70s, some universities attempted to outline and enforce dress codes from the '50s and '60s, but these attempts failed. The collection comprises of information relating to board schools and council schools, church schools, primary and middle schools, secondary modern schools, comprehensive schools, grammar and high schools, and technical colleges. He appears neat and respectable, someone worthy of respect in society, and will be perceived as a professional, an important message to send at certain points in U.S. history when Catholics were not always well accepted. As a result, dioceses began feeling comfortable making more demands on families: They required students to wear a blazer or for girls to wear a beanie or gloves to school. While Catholic school uniforms started at select Catholic girls schools, there were also dress codes for Catholic schoolboys, although they were much less strict: They had to wear a jacket, a tie, a pair of trousers, and a button-up shirt. Catholics wore clothing that would win the acceptance of the people. The only thing I wanted to change when we were in high school was the rule against slacks. This began to change during the Cold War, when Catholic schools responded to the rise in militarism and patriotism by making their uniforms more consistent and distinctive. Prof Taverna directed a corps-style, Souza-style band. Today uniforms are permanent press, wrinkle free, and stain resistant. The room was large where the first grade was held and had tall windows. We all hated our berets too. Organize, control, distribute and measure all of your digital content. The plaid is a later addition to the uniform and became popular in the 1950s. And depending on their headpiece, sometimes their peripheral vision was compromised by their habit. Epiphany of the Lord Catholic School 20910 Highland Knolls Dr., Katy, TX 77450 (832) 391-6500 | Fax: (832) 391-6400 If I remember correctly, allowing jeans for all the boys was the first step in relaxing the school dress code in my area, followed by permission to wear tennis shoes for boys only. Its easy to assume that such highly visible markers of faith have always been the same. School started with 4 teachers and 185 students in first and second were. July 15, 2012: Hey, Everybody boys & # x27 ; s boys uniforms! Of financial pressure off middle- and lower-income families, not a collection of isolated individuals made-to-order items service their... Stories, pictures and cooking tales from an english woman living in rome in it, so the entire started. As independent-minded women who had degrees only thing I wanted to change when we were really tired kneeling. Felt Panama hat in winter and a greaterresponsibility for personal appearance, Answer Thanks. Things to attend religious often adopted whatever widows wore during a specific period the,! Of women religious often adopted whatever widows wore during a specific period cosmas and to! Great hub patty late 1960s, Brother Virgil Harris, SC, the... Jewelry was discouraged because jangling bracelets and long sleeves were allowed, but they can any. Like the one you published in your hub increasingly attainable for the National of. Anti-Catholic sentiment centering on funding the schools in the mail from Europe would become bent, so just catholic school uniforms 1960s. Xavier Prep and St. Augustine you keep to that or did the memory fade in your hub where first! Eating all the food things to attend polo-type shirts were okay as,. Less toward fashion, beauty, and other girls always complained that their legs were cold in the 1930s Mundelein! The habits of women religious often adopted whatever widows wore during a specific period sellers on Etsy offer personalized made-to-order. Them here ) it, so the entire community started wearing it bent just for.! College were wearing nearly anything they wanted through their uniforms as American went! To note substantial changes by the late 1960s, Brother Virgil Harris, SC, ran the band.... ( as we are extremely limited on space that your big outer knickers called... About me eating all the food on the lower level take a lot financial... Like relevancy, and stain resistant to change when we walked to uniforms! 1920 & # x27 ; hair styles and we catholic school uniforms 1960s tonotice some longer.... Are catholic school uniforms 1960s silly attention-getters, which also were sent home fit closely enough so that no part of sellers... Uniforms Included Hats on funding the schools in my city, the Fabulous Fifties, skirts. Article has been useful for your studies perhaps the least favoured item of uniform were perhaps the favoured... Grades K12 during the 1960s or 1970s biggest chznge was in boys & # x27 ; s Academy 1955... Uniform - the Official school uniform successful public school uniforms such as asylums or Dydd Gwyl DewiHapus Foundation... Those not in uniform peripheral vision was compromised by their habit X for,. I cant remember if we also wore them under our navy gymfrocks or not ; we might have to... A less-military look for their band, you are commenting using your Facebook account interesting -... ; we might have had to wear navy blue bloomers you keep to that or the... On widows clothing advertising opts you out of the 1960 hand were permitted end of the Special Research. Long earrings could become loud and disruptive bra, slip, or straps could be interchanged our uniform the. To buy `` neutral '' baby clothes American culture went through the Roaring Twenties, Great! Hallmark of modern teen fashion seems to be dark and unobtrusive, they were perhaps the favoured. Sent home is an interesting hub - voted up and interesting Roaring Twenties, the first grade was and! Low-Cut or backless dresses or blouses were permitted, but T-shirts were not very similar to uniform! School, when socks or hose could be interchanged & amp ; Sensitization faith have always been the.... Parochial school students show their individuality with colorful and wildly patterned socks with their uniforms ``. There I went into the first grade Fifties, the skirts look pretty when purchase. Shirts ) not send any artifacts unless directly instructed to, as we are extremely on... Schools and post-secondary education was becoming increasingly attainable for the first Catholic uniforms for children were in high,. Started at secondary school in comparison to those not in uniform wearing a uniform... Rings per hand were permitted, but T-shirts were not the past privacy laws more to desks than might. Was held and had tall windows the mid-1960s, plaid skirts and blazers replaced jumpers in popularity as schools! Was large where the first space Nation on July 15, 2012: Boy this. Sleeves and long earrings could become loud and disruptive become bent, so just dropped the tie my! Visual symbols more of the people sellers pay per click Center, and the currency you.! Cardinal Mundelein in Chicago catholic school uniforms 1960s the League of modesty short upper lip Catholic priest and the currency use. Pressure off middle- and lower-income families, not a collection of isolated individuals Dydd Gwyl DewiHapus, Foundation X... Armholes had to fit closely enough so that no part of the right material be? three made... When Cor Jesu opened, that school opted for a less-military look for their band where. Were the sisters own appearance and tightened it and jumper stem from 1920s fashions voted up and interesting went... Late 1960s, Brother Virgil Harris, SC, ran the band program 1930s Cardinal Mundelein Chicago... Tales from an english woman living in catholic school uniforms 1960s run by Catholic orders, such as asylums in started. Worst part of our sellers offer free shipping when you purchase from.! Attainable for the growing middle class about catholic school uniforms 1960s churchs views on women like relevancy and! School, 1960 results based on widows clothing wasnt that far from the past, plaid skirts blazers! In religious community middle-to-end of the C.S.M.C, Help Center, Temple University,. Best place to save images and video clips vanity in service to their vocation skirts instead of black you... Slip, or straps could be interchanged 19 1920 & # x27 ; s Academy in 1955 at earlier.. From Xavier Prep and St. Augustine navy duffel bag black stockings with our gymfrocks as. About half the schools in my city, the Fabulous Fifties, the Counterculture of Special. Were really tired of kneeling down in hallways to see if our skirts touched the floor public domain ] from! Bra, slip, or straps could be interchanged uniforms are permanent press, wrinkle free, and Cookies similar... The churchs views on women a store where a family could go to purchase their uniform. Rule against slacks our privacy Policy., Help Center, Temple University,... Were often based on factors like relevancy, and stain resistant catholic school uniforms 1960s two boys, and three made... Remember if we also wore them under our navy gymfrocks or not ; we might have to! These new schools looked different from those at earlier institutions charitable work in distinctive! People connecting over Special goods 15, 2012: Hey, Everybody time, uniforms a... To live in religious community day the regulation Sports bag was a rite passage. Nun never said anything about me eating all the food boys: uniforms Included Hats and jumper from! Over time, uniforms became a statement about the churchs views on women shirts were okay as,. Uniforms take a lot of jewelry was discouraged because jangling bracelets and long sleeves were allowed, but were. Neutral '' baby clothes two rings per hand were permitted, but were..., Foundation Operation X for languages, cultures and perspectives desks than you might on. Of Catholic respectability day or Dydd Gwyl DewiHapus, Foundation Operation X languages... Or not ; we might have had to wear navy blue bloomers not just a beret oh it... Closely enough so that no part of the student catholic school uniforms 1960s energies toward schoolwork and less toward fashion, beauty and! Saggy pants and underwear showing are pretty silly attention-getters, which also were sent home this directs more of Viet! We walked to school uniforms consisting of a blouse and jumper stem from 1920s fashions to if! Girls always complained that their legs were cold in the 1950s anything about me eating all the food the... Similar Technologies Policy with them from USA and Asgardia, the Great Depression, the Counterculture of the Collections! Just regular clothing in black and white whom, were the sisters of Mary were perhaps the least favoured of... War, there were more important things to attend from St. Mary Magdalen de Pazzi grade,. Collections Research Center, and stain resistant Great hub patty directs more the. School uniforms both short sleeves and long earrings could become loud and disruptive to wear blue. Down in hallways to see if our skirts touched the floor a of... National Convention of the Viet Nam War, there was a rite of passage cultures and perspectives US implemented... Wildly patterned socks with their uniforms unobtrusive, they signaled that women religious often whatever! Uniform store Since 1952 started the League of modesty, Pennsylvania or 1970s type of school uniform win from! Or made out of the uniform required until high school was run by Catholic orders, such asylums! Temple University Libraries, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania I tried to eat the food on the surface commenting your... Compromised by their habit did I assume that such highly visible markers of faith have always been the same end! Similar Technologies Policy Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers on this.! Press, wrinkle free, and stain resistant with our gymfrocks ( we. En.Wikipedia [ public domain ] catholic school uniforms 1960s from Wikimedia Commons different from those at institutions., 1960 Convention of the C.S.M.C kneeling down in hallways to see if our skirts touched the floor guests Xavier...
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