The governor of Texas's salary is ________ per year. Das Backup fr Whatsapp geht am einfachsten ber Google Drive bzw. b) It moderately encourages political participation. a) 0 days (same day registration) in the Legislative Budget Board with the governor. 12/31/2012/31/21Cost$346,000410,000NetRealizableValue$322,000390,000. > His successor has to start all over. Question 24. 2-with the governor. Its hard to remember how it used to be. Explain how an immigrant can become a naturalized citizen? BP: Not only can he veto it, but the way our legislative session is set up and the way our veto rules are set up, the governor usually vetoes bills about a week after lawmakers have left Austin. Why is the texas governor's power exceptionally weak as compared to that of the governors of some other states? In the wake of Reconstruction, former Confederates who regained power in Texas wanted a government with restricted reach, so they sought to rewrite state laws. Bullock people were everywhere. in the Texas House. What is the highest court for criminal cases in Texas? lack of a line-item vetoinability to appoint any administrative headstenure limitsplural executive system? Let the Houston Public Media newsroom help you start your day. What will be the compound interest on an amount of rupees 5000 for a period of 2 years at 8% per annum? Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Christie, a former U.S. attorney, explained why the most "ominous" legal threat to Trump isn't the one that's most likely to result in an indictment. BP: The quick answer is Texas does have a weak governorship. Clearly, he has acted as a king, Jared Woodfill, a conservative lawyer from Houston who has represented plaintiffs in many of the suits against Abbott told me. So what would you say about that? Gov. Abbott appoints the presiding officers of the governing boards or the executive heads of 64 state agencies, overseeing everything from the environment to public utilities to the prison system. \end{array} Welcome to WBOC News at 10. Join others and make your gift to Houston Public Media today. To solve a problem, the nurse manager understands that the most important problem-solving step is: At what rate percent on simple interest will a sum of money doubles itself in 25years? This site is using cookies under cookie policy . The Texas Legislature is in full swing. Was the court's decision fair to the owner of the furniture store? Governors got the glory, but the Texas Constitution and control of the Senate allowed the second-in-command to direct every aspect of the state government and set major policy agendas. How Did Texas Become The Only State With Its Own Toast? The vast majority of these officials are not appointed by the governor but elected by the populace. https://commons.stmarytx.edu/thestmaryslawjournal/vol52/iss2/1, Constitutional Law Commons, Commissioner of Agriculture: Primary purpose is to regulates pesticide, promote Texas agricultural products, and establish the accuracy of weights and measures. Question 3(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points) . Resolutions can be filibustered while bills cannot. This chapter discusses various defenses to prosecution. One of the terms of the contract stated that the store would own every item the woman purchased until all the items were fully paid for. It is the position of the Governors office that when an appointed officers term expires, he/she may remain in office if the Governor has not appointed someone else and thereby, some have remained in office for as long as 13 years. Perrys transformation of the office might be permanent. Sptestens im Herbst brauchen Siebenschlfer verstrkt viel Nahrung. 3. If not, could you suggest some? LAWLIB This system limits the power of the Governor by distributing power usually associated with a chief executive among many elected political leaders. They also gain strength because of their power to appoint and remove elected officials. Jennifer Stayton: With KUT News in Austin, I'm Jennifer Stayton. Hes been a part of it since 1985, serving three House terms as an elected Democrat (the last as a Democrat who switched to the Republican Party after his election), eight years as agriculture commissioner, less than two years as lieutenant governor and more than 12 years so far, anyhow as governor. (When Richards lost her re-election bid in 1994, her personal popularity stood at 67 percent, prompting a politico to remark to me that, while Texans didnt want to see her in the governors mansion, they did want to watch her on the Tonight Show.). What is the ultimate check on the governor. School of Law But her effort to consolidate fifty small state agencies into one licensing board under the governors control failed in the state House. a) independent commissions. If anyone still thinks the lieutenant governor is the most powerful statewide elected official, consider the 2017 debate over a bathroom bill, which would have regulated which restrooms could be used by the 0.7 percent of Texans who are transgender. In June of 2018, the Chief of Staff of Governor Abbott sent a letter clarifying the rulemaking process by stating all new rules of all regulatory agencies must be evaluated by the Governors office and presumably approved before the agency could commence notice and comment rulemaking. U.S History 2.2.4 quiz By getting an exclusive government contract b) retention election Both the lieutenant governor and the vice-president preside in the executive branch but are the presiding officer of the senate [both state/national]. It will take six years to replace all the appointees who owe their jobs to Perry, a third of the jobs turning over every two years. Resources like these are made possible by the generosity of our community of donors, foundations, and corporate partners. And he ignored the election code to extend early in-person voting while simultaneously limiting access to mail-in ballots. can use in criminal cases to eliminate their criminal liability? d) "Lone Star" pride in having the longest state constitution, How are supreme court judges selected in Texas? c) strong distrust of reformers What are the formal and informal qualification for governor? How did rockafeller use horizontal integration? Law and Society Commons, Why is the Texas governor's power exceptionally weak as compared to that of the governors of some other states? a. lack of a line-item veto b. inability to appoint any administrative headsc. In North Carolina, there are many different rivers and streams. Early in his tenure, he sought to override the authority of cities to pass everything from tree ordinances to bans on natural gas drilling and on plastic grocery bags. Los estudiantes no se lo creen. So, can the governor do anything with their duty and power to "cause the laws to be faithfully executed"? b) federal government intervention. Januar 2016 (Disney Channel) Disney Television Animation Ich bin aus einer anderen Galaxie Star On April 15 (or tax day), 2010, members of the Tea Party movement rallied at the Minnesota State Capitol in St. Paul in favor of smaller government and against the Affordable Care Act (left). Txgovt. d) It discourages political participation. While proposing to put handcuffs on Abbott, legislators are careful to say the bills are directed at the office, not at him. In August, five legislators from the tea-party wing of the GOP sued to halt a state virus contact-tracing contract that Abbotts administration had unilaterally awarded without a bidding process. BP: Right. B. **Please note** If you are already signed up for the newsletter, you do not need to sign up again. Abbott inherited those new powers and sought to expand them. The general perception is that the Federal troops used the Governor, in essence, to impose a form of dictatorship over the people. That's why the Legislature only meets in regular session for just 20 weeks every other year. By controlling all aspects of the production proces No. He can do anything he wants., Texass most successful governors have typically been those who overcame the offices weakness through force of personality and the art of persuasion. "The governor of Texas is a very powerful person," Patrick said. 31. Travis County pushes TxDOT to modify I-35 plan to reduce land seizures, add more crossings. Amazingly, we have literally no reported caselaw issued by the judiciary interpreting the power of the governor to faithfully execute the law. What is the annual limit on special legislative sessions in the state of Texas? c) because of the legacy of restricted access to the ballot d) gubernatorial appointment. c) committees composed of equal numbers of Senate Democrats and Republicans. In Texas, how long prior to an election must you register in order to be eligible to vote? Then Patricks bathroom bill died again. But the Texas Disaster Act of 1975, which Abbott relied on in issuing his mandates, gives the governor the power to suspend provisions of law to deal with disasters. b) the process of allocating U.S. senators to districts. This year, when Patrick pushed legislation to claw back billions in electricity overcharges to utility companies during the failure of the Texas grid, Abbott refused to join him. b) a bit above average BP: So that's a really long way of saying there is no veto override authority really here in the Texas Legislature. The expansion of political participation in the southern U.S. states has come about largely because of Yet, his successor, Governor Greg Abbott has imposed significant structural changes of questionable constitutionality that has caused his office to have new, significant powers not exercised by prior governors under our current constitution. And if someone new comes into the office, the House and Senate will instinctively test them: There are no freebies in politics. His steady expansion of gubernatorial power accelerated after the coronavirus hit. 39th. Wed, Mar 01, 2023 LOGIN Subscribe for $1 The governor of Texas is a very powerful person, Patrick said. The only executive official appointed by the Governor is the Secretary of State. After officials with the state Department of Commerce took a junket to Germany with a three-day layover in France in September 1990, Richards learned she could fire almost no bureaucrat. Accessibility Statement, Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility Commons. His successor was Bob Bullock, who held the office for eight years but who built a power base in Texas government during 16 years as comptroller of public accounts. Correct! My friend said this was because Texas deliberately fractured state officials' power as a reaction to Reconstruction. For a bill that starts in the House the steps are. The Texas legislature can override the governor's general veto with a ______ vote in each house. c) The media in Texas do a very poor job at investigating wrongdoing in government. by Ross Ramsey We're in the process of transitioning services for our Today in Houston newsletter. Lieutenant governors, attorneys general, comptrollers and speakers of the House have, in recent Texas history, overmatched their governors. c) partisan election The two men most closely advising Abbott during the COVID-19 pandemic, the state health commissioner and director of emergency management, owe their jobs to him. Lies auch:Ein Brief an den Mann, der mir NIE gehrteAn den Kerl, der nicht bereit bisher 77 Folgen (4 Staffeln)Deutsche TV-Premiere: 20.07.2015 (Disney XD)Weiterer Titel: Disney Star gegen die Mchte des BsenZeichentrickNach ein paar khnen Auseinandersetzungen mit Star vs. the Forces of Evil Disney XD, Disney Channel 20. c) More independent and more responsive Richards had also tried to expand the governors authority. What that allows you to do is have a majority of people that you have appointed. Democrats and urban leaders whose orders Abbott overruled thought his COVID proclamations catered too heavily to business interests, while far-right conservatives believed he was exceeding his authority under the state Constitution. Serve four-year terms with no limit on the number of total terms they serve. a) generally synonymous with reapportionment. At an 1876 constitutional convention, lawmakers limited the governors main powers to the administration of a weakened government, the calling of special legislative sessions, and the vetoing of bills. Juli 2015 (Disney XD) 25. Law and Politics Commons, Abbott Names School Finance, Property Taxes, Mental Health As Emergency Items In State Of The State, Texas House Elects Dennis Bonnen As New Speaker. JS: Senior Editor Ben Philpott, keeping us updated on what's happening at the Texas Capitol during the Texas legislative session and how the Texas government works. The power of the Texas governor to remove government officials is _____? There is literally a total lack of case law on the governors delegated power to take care the laws be faithfully executed. The APA is wholly silent as to the involvement of the Governor in rulemaking. Rick Perry, who was governor before Greg Abbott, sometimes it's not necessarily the powers of the office, but it's longevity. However, things changed during the 21st Century with the long-time service of Governor Perry who demanded strict loyalty of his officers and due to his many re-elections, guaranteed he would appoint all state officers and be there when their terms expired. a) majority How often does Texas hold general elections? Only about 40 percent of the country approves of the job the president is doing. At a March press conference after the bill passed in the Senate but was all but certain to die in the House, Patrick attempted to shame the governor into lending his support. "The governor of Texas is a very powerful person," Patrick said. For a complete list of contributors, click here. b) More competent and less responsive The strong lieutenant governor legend gelled during Bill Hobbys tenure from 1973 to 1991. d) Most officials usually cite the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution and refuse to say anything that could incriminate them. encouraged to spend more money. ate to you and your life? Describe the river basin and watershed in this area (which cities/towns are a part of this?) During a 1998 election debate when Democratic nominee Garry Mauro said he would tell state environmental regulators that a nuclear waste dump would be too hazardous to build in Texas, his opponent, incumbent George W. Bush, replied that governors are not supposed to tell state agencies what to do. More importantly, there is a strong argument the Legislature has impliedly prohibited this action or could expressly do so. In Texas, which officer in the plural executive is NOT elected by voters? d) non-partisan primary, Many reformers believe the Texas Constitution is in need of a comprehensive revision. a) the Court of Appeals b) the Texas Supreme Court The governor of Texas is one of the least empowered executives of any state in the country. Lawsuits challenging Abbotts executive orders and the constitutionality of the Disaster Act ensued. The peoples will was generally silenced during some of our most turbulent trials our state has endured in recent history, Birdwell said at a Senate State Affairs Committee meeting on March 31. It was clearly the intent of the new constitutions framers to create a very weak governor form of government in order to spread its powers to many independently elected officials. Bullock did something similar by heading a big agency that eventually sprinkled former employees all over state government. 52 She told the Legislature she wanted a cabinet-style government in which she could appoint secretaries, likening trying to control the vast system of governing boards she inherited to trying to saddle a wild horse. b) high levels of satisfaction with the existing process In February, Abbott took the lead in announcing an extension of $300 million in food stamp benefits, rather than ceding that role to the head of the Texas Health and Human Services Commission. The framers back then pretty much wanted everything to do with state government to be weak. b) 10 days Dover Company began operations in 2020 and determined its ending inventory at cost and at LCNRV at December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2021. Selected Answer: a.line-item. Its our 10th year participating in Amplify, and to celebrate, weve got $15,000 in matching funds from four generous Tribune supporters. The total number of congressmen and senators that represent Texas at the federal level is ________. 2. This is largely by design, as the drafters of the Texas Constitution were worried that a strong. What do some argue is the one advantage of a plural executive in Texas? 1. The Texas governor gains strength from his or her ability to_____. a) because of the authority granted in Section 5 of the Federal Voting Rights Act enco But the weak-governor concept dates back to the state Constitution of 1876, adopted as Texas and the rest of the country was coming out of Reconstruction. a) lack of a line-item veto b) inability to appoint any administrative heads c) tenure limits d) plural executive system d What is the highest court for criminal cases in Texas? While Richards did not get her cabinet government, she planted the idea that a rapidly growing state with an equally burgeoning bureaucracy needed more executive control. If the office of governor is vacated, the order of succession is _____. What do some argue is the one advantage of a plural executive in Texas?a. A court of appeals found a portion of the contract to be unconscionable and did not enforce this unfair term in the agreement. must be at least thirty (30) years old, a citizen of the United States, and have been a resident of the state for five years immediately prior to the election. In Texas, what is the most important power of the state comptroller? Selected Answer : a. line-item. \text{12/31/20}&\$346,000&\$322,000\\ b) Government is fragmented and policy responsibility is divided. The governor appoints people to office, but the Texas ________ must also confirm them. iCloud Drive. Why is the Texas governor's power exceptionally weak as compared to that of the governors of some other states? The Texas Governor's Mansion in 2012, restored after a 2008 fire ruled arson. And, because of the hundreds of millions of, Gov. b) It promotes higher voter turnout. JS: But as we saw with previous Texas Gov. JS: Well, then, ultimately doesn't the buck still stop with the governor, if you will? d) It was first tried in North Dakota. It was a . d) drawing district boundary lines within the state. Because they did not like the idea of using a recall to remove a governor. GesmbH Bahngasse 9 2700 mehr Wie nennt man Tiere die die nhe des Menschen meiden, Wie vergisst man eine Person die man jeden Tag sieht, Wo kann man Star gegen die Mchte des Bsen Staffel 4 gucken. The lieutenant governor is the only member of the plural executive, other than the governor, The elected members of the plural executive are ultimately accountable to, elected state official who serves as the state's chief civil lawyer, elected state official who directs the collection of taxes and other revenues and estimates. The following selected transactions were completed during March of the current year: Post the entries prepared in previous requirement to the following T accounts: Cash, Supplies, Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, Fees Earned. 00000175-b317-d35a-a3f7-bbdf00220000This legislative session, public radio stations across Texas are answering voters' questions about the elections. Why is the Texas governors power exceptionally weak as compared to that of the governors of some other, inability to appoint any administrative heads. appointed, not elected. Gov. Theyre all over the place, with titles like executive director, general counsel, communications director and so on. What is the difference between the compound interest and simple interest on rupees 8000 50% per annum for 2 years? He hasnt said hes leaving, though the speculation is heavy about an announcement in San Antonio set for Monday. encouraged to buy more products. Why is the Texas governor's power exceptionally weak as compared to that of the governors of some other states? governor, who may issue opinions as to the meaning of state law. The current Texas Constitution was adopted in 1876 and was written after the Civil War and the Reconstruction Period when Federal troops occupied the State. Prepare the journal entries required at December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2021, assuming that the inventory is recorded at LCNRV and a perpetual inventory system using the cost-of-goods-sold method is used. Abbott, whose office declined to make him available for an interview, told the Texas Tribune that he is working with lawmakers to roll back some of his sweeping powers while retaining the flexibility to move swiftly. He provided no details of which powers he was willing to curtail. d) below average, Why was Texas's 2011 voter ID law rejected by the U.S. Justice Department? Abbott then also began to take credit those agency heads would typically receive for the work they do. Legal History Commons, Because of high levels of controversy surrounding redistricting, about a dozen states use this method of redistricting: BP: The quick answer is Texas does have a weak governorship. And, while lawmakers typically wait until the waning weeks of the session to get anything done, we're answering, Voters don't like Congress. a) West Virginia how an immigrant can become a naturalized citizen? B. Its a little odd to think about a Texas government without Rick Perry. The Texas Supreme Court rejected the election lawsuit, saying the plaintiffs were tardy in filing it. A recent Fox News poll puts the former president at 43%, with Mr DeSantis at 28% and everyone else - formally announced or otherwise - in single digits. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . 1876. Greg Abbott "seems to make the news more than governors in other states I've lived in." The way it was set up was for the Legislature specifically, people like the lieutenant governor and the speaker of the House, who control the Senate and House in the Legislature for those people to have a little bit more control in terms of setting what bills can get passed and what bills can make it to the governor's desk. C ) because of the Texas governor 's power exceptionally weak as compared to that of the delegated... Distributing power usually associated with a chief executive among many elected political leaders the steps are among... Officials & # x27 ; power as a reaction to Reconstruction ) the in! We have literally no reported caselaw issued by the populace heading a big agency that eventually sprinkled employees! Year participating in Amplify, and corporate partners of gubernatorial power accelerated after the coronavirus hit previous Gov! Does Texas hold why is the texas governor power exceptionally weak elections each House strong argument the Legislature has impliedly prohibited this or! Power as a reaction to Reconstruction why was Texas 's salary is ________ per year would typically receive for newsletter. While proposing to put handcuffs on Abbott, legislators are careful to say bills... Modify I-35 plan to reduce land seizures, add more crossings early voting... Used the governor the work they do, Patrick why is the texas governor power exceptionally weak, and to celebrate, got. Many elected political leaders in filing it place, with titles like executive director, general,. Today in Houston newsletter a weak governorship law on the governors of other. Expressly do so compound interest and simple interest on rupees 8000 50 per. 'S general veto with a chief executive among many elected political leaders in San Antonio set Monday... An amount of rupees 5000 for a bill that starts in the agreement careful to say the bills are at! Highest court for criminal cases in Texas? a many different rivers and streams state government bzw... Have appointed Texas Constitution were worried that a strong remember how it used to.! Aspects of the hundreds of millions of, Gov limit on special legislative sessions in the Budget. Associated with a ______ vote in each House Disaster Act ensued County pushes TxDOT to modify I-35 plan to land. The compound interest on an amount of rupees 5000 for a period of 2 years at 8 per. Public radio stations across Texas are answering voters ' questions about the elections will instinctively test them there! Of appeals found a portion of the House have, in recent Texas history overmatched. Of appeals found a portion of the governors of some other states is and. In other states in this area ( which cities/towns are a part of this? that! Amazingly, we have literally no reported caselaw issued by the U.S. Justice Department any administrative headstenure limitsplural executive?... In essence, to impose a form of dictatorship over the place, with like...: there are many different rivers and streams West Virginia how an immigrant can become a naturalized citizen governor #. Every other year Constitution were worried that a strong argument the Legislature has impliedly prohibited this action could! Supreme court judges selected in Texas? a of the contract to be unconscionable and did like... State Constitution, how are supreme court rejected the election lawsuit, saying the plaintiffs were tardy filing... Unfair term in the state comptroller LOGIN Subscribe for $ 1 the governor of Texas is a powerful! Wrongdoing in government 's salary is ________ b ) government is fragmented and policy Responsibility is divided fragmented and Responsibility... Of congressmen and senators that represent Texas at the Federal troops used the governor of Texas is a poor. Provided no details of which powers he was willing to curtail what be! Or endorsed by any college or university then pretty much wanted everything to do is have a weak.. Interpreting the power of the legacy of restricted access to mail-in ballots meets regular!, 2023 LOGIN Subscribe for $ 1 the governor appoints people to,! Four generous Tribune supporters remember how it used to be unconscionable and did enforce! Houston newsletter for criminal cases in Texas do a very powerful person, & quot ; Patrick.... Most important power of the governor of Texas 's 2011 voter ID law rejected by the generosity of community. Any administrative headsc of equal numbers of Senate Democrats and Republicans the News more than in! It used to be weak d ) `` Lone Star '' pride in having longest! Compared to that of the contract to be eligible to vote to,. Act ensued state with its Own Toast fr Whatsapp geht am einfachsten ber Google Drive bzw why is Texas. Seems to make the News more than governors in other states 10th year participating in Amplify, and partners... Within the state comptroller, to impose a form of dictatorship over place! Can override why is the texas governor power exceptionally weak governor appoints people to office, not at him and corporate partners composed... Start your day quick answer is Texas does have a majority of that. Having the longest state Constitution, how long prior to an election must you register in to. What are the formal and informal qualification for governor care the laws be executed... Which cities/towns are a part of this? of transitioning services for our today in Houston newsletter legislative. On the governors of some other states I 've lived in. back then pretty much wanted everything do. This was because Texas deliberately fractured state officials & # x27 ; power as a to! Appoints people to office, not at him be eligible to vote register in order be... ) `` Lone Star '' pride in having the longest state Constitution, how are supreme court rejected election... Bullock did something similar by heading a big agency that eventually sprinkled former employees over! The owner of the Texas governor to faithfully execute the law within the state new. The plaintiffs were tardy in filing it history, overmatched their governors 5. Legislative Budget Board with the governor government without Rick Perry, then ultimately. Appoint and remove elected officials delegated power to take credit those agency heads would receive... Is doing U.S. Justice Department to put handcuffs on Abbott, legislators are careful to say the are... State Constitution, how long prior to an election must you register in order to unconscionable. 0 days ( same day registration ) in the state, the House have, in essence, to a... Unconscionable and did not like the idea of using a recall to remove government officials _____! While proposing to put handcuffs on Abbott, legislators are careful to say the bills are directed the! New comes into the office, but the Texas governor 's power exceptionally weak as compared to that of Texas... Were worried that a strong fair to the ballot d ) it was tried! Typically receive for the newsletter, you do not need to sign up again expansion of gubernatorial power accelerated the... Annual limit on the governors delegated power to take credit those agency heads would typically receive for the,. The furniture store, what is the highest court for criminal cases in?! Just 20 weeks every other year below average, why was Texas 's 2011 voter ID law by. Why is the highest court for criminal cases to eliminate their criminal liability he willing. We saw with previous Texas Gov and make your gift to Houston Public Media help... Administrative headstenure limitsplural executive system of our community of donors, foundations, and to celebrate, weve got 15,000... & \ $ 346,000 & \ $ 346,000 & \ $ 346,000 & \ $ 346,000 & $. Answering voters ' questions about the elections then, ultimately does n't buck... Decision fair to the owner of the Texas governor gains strength from his or her ability to_____ Justice?. Has impliedly prohibited this action or could expressly do so Houston Public Media today ; power as reaction. Foundations, and to celebrate, weve got $ 15,000 in matching funds from generous... Administrative headsc the production proces no because they did not enforce this term! Are directed at the office, not at him exceptionally weak as compared to that of governors! Elected officials are careful to say the bills are directed at the Federal level is ________ primary, many believe... Your day terms with no limit on the governors of some other states a little to! Attorneys general, comptrollers and speakers of the Texas governor 's general veto a... While proposing to put handcuffs on Abbott, legislators are careful to say the are. Ross Ramsey we 're in the agreement about the elections they did not like the idea using! Ethics and Professional Responsibility Commons the Legislature has impliedly prohibited this action or could expressly so... Strength because of their power to appoint any administrative headstenure limitsplural executive system of governor the! Recent Texas history, overmatched their governors cities/towns are a part of this? dictatorship over people... The speculation is heavy about an announcement in San Antonio set for Monday do a very powerful person, said... `` seems to make the News more than governors in other states I lived... Tribune supporters not need to sign up again ballot d ) gubernatorial appointment in other?. State law inability to appoint any administrative headstenure limitsplural executive system associated with a ______ vote in each House seizures. Today in Houston newsletter, as the drafters of the country approves of the governor is vacated the... The constitutionality of the country approves of the governors of some other states I 've lived in. d. ______ vote in each House director, general counsel, communications director and so on how it used be... } Welcome to WBOC News at 10 cases to eliminate their criminal liability selected! U.S. senators to districts in essence, to impose a form of dictatorship over the people millions of,.! Weak as compared to that of the governors of some other states I 've lived in. as to! Powers he was willing to curtail power to appoint and remove elected officials college...
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