The camp was eventually dissolved, and its attendees were sent to fight on the Eastern Front, or interned in concentration camps after 1943. Every report includes a narrative, of variable length, which describes an individual's experiences as an escaper, evader or prisoner of war. Littledale and Stephens, with forged papers, caught the morning train from Rocklitz to Chemitz. | Neave and a Dutch officer, Lieutenant Luteyn, were the first of the two pairs to leave and successfully reached Switzerland. It then it became Oflag XXI-B for French and British Commonwealth officers, subsequently for Soviet officers until June 1943. The Polish POWs were transferred to other camps on 1 June 1940 and Oflag II-D was established to house French officers from the Battle of France. Terence Alexander, Not Rated The German lists are described as being corrected generally up to 30 March 1945. camp, and is mistakenly awarded with the Iron Cross by the Germans. Airey Neave was sent there in May 1941 after escaping from his previous camp. 183 British POWs held at the village of Markrandstadt. | Afterwards a number of would-be escapees would borrow Dutch greatcoats as their disguise. | From 21 January 1945, many of the prisoners, particularly British and Commonwealth, were marched through Nazi-occupied Czech lands to Stalag XIII-C in Bavaria or Stalag XIII-D Nrnberg. In Germany, only those POWs from Britain, France, the Low Countries, the US, the Commonwealth and a few selected other countries were treated with any reference to the Geneva Convention's rules. ' But the numbers fall far short of conveying the sheer drama in the German camps. Whilst they were ostensibly for collection of air force personnel their main purpose was as interrogation centres for newly captured aircrew, before they were transferred in batches to the permanent camps. Fast-talking wheeler-dealer Corporal King is stuck in a Malaysian P.O.W. Located at Schirwindt (Sirvintos) in Lithuania. Conditions in this camp were deplorable, as the rules of the Third Geneva Convention were not observed for Soviet prisoners. I The Soviet POWs fared far worse: (in a common policy) were sent to work camps and treated as traitors for surrendering. The sick were mistreated when dysentery and diarrhoea set in. There were also camps designated Oflag 65 at Strasbourg in France, Wurzach in Germany, Schaulen in Lithuania and Osnabruck in Germany. On 22 June 1943, all reserve officers of the Belgian Army held at Oflag II-A in Prenzlau were moved to Oflag X-D Fischbek. Many of these soldiers were interned at Oflag VII-B. (These are the sources for the German/Italian camps information contained on this site -they are hand transcribed and are fully searchable). I'm not sure that Colditz is as well know in the U.S.A. The POWs occupied themselves in various ways. I.e. 0 seconds of 0 secondsVolume 90%. In May and June 1940 American, French and Belgian soldiers taken prisoner during the Battle of France arrived. Inmates were cleaned and transferred to an improvised hospital outside the camp and thence to convalescence camps. Documentary. The most famous camp of them all, the book was written by the escape officer and one of the men to successfully escape Oflag IVc. A very comprehensive book detailing all aspects of camp life, escape attempts and the process of both capture and release, uses a lot of first hand accounts and stories with factual information. French and Italian soldiers were also kept here (from the end of September 1943 to March 1944). That said, Im delighted to say that the project has now restarted but, because of social distancing, it will take longer to complete. | Located at Prostken in Poland, close to Stalag Ib/PR. Their escape, on 14 October 1942, took place with two other officers. I greatly enjoy WWII history but sometimes books on that topic are too brutal, and depressing. Use on personal social media accounts, provided the individuals are not promoting themselves commercially. Opened in February 1942, by12th May 1942 it held some 3150, including 387 New Zealanders, on February 26th 1943 it held 8,970. The Fund's operations include assistance to widows and orphans of fallen colleagues in the country, the fees for the lawyers defending prisoners before German courts, the payment of salaries of the cadets and soldiers, as well as cultural and educational activities. We have a private group on Facebook. Five men escaped, but again were soon recaptured. Broke into Kommandant's office, cut hole into storeroom, out of storeroom in German and Polish orderly uniforms. On the cold Baltic coast it opened early in 1942 as a British Oflag originally. Within a few days they were liberated by British troops pushing eastward. The camp was built by forced labour. Stalag XII-C Wiesbaden Hessen-Nassau, Prussia Location N/E 50-08, Stalag XII-D Waldbreitbach Rheinland, Prussia Location N/E 50-07. During 1941 and 1942 many Allied air crews that had been shot down were taken to Lbeck, then later transferred to Oflag VI-B, Warburg. 98 Castelvetrano (Palermo, Sicily) San Giuseppe Iato (Sicily). Fort 12 (XII) named after Wladyslawa Jagielty. It was later used by Germans (SS) as a main transit camp (Durchgangslager) for deportation to Germany of Jews and political opponents. Notably during the winter of 1941-1942 roughly 25 thousand people died there, mostly Soviet soldiers. Outside the camp the party changed into civilian clothes and separated Fowler travelling on foot to Penig (about 31kilometres) and from there by train to Plauen via Zwickau. Britains Imperial War Museum notes that Of the 170,000 British and Commonwealth prisoners of war in Germany in the Second World War, fewer than 1,200 of them managed to escape successfully and make a home run. Nominee for Best History & Biography (2022). About 14,000 men are buried there. 54 Passo Corese/ Fara in Sabina, Rieti (Rome). The camp was liberated by the U.S. 3rd Army on 5 May 1945. Others went to a satellite camp - Campo 78/1 - established at Aquafredda high in the hills to the north-east of Sulmona, but close enough to come under the administration of Campo 78. They were forced to march under guard about 1520 miles (2432 km) per day. A cocky German fighter pilot is shot down over England in 1940 and makes numerous attempts to escape to fight again. Altogether, some 35,000 parachute and glider troops were involved in the operation. 1 -Household Cavalry, Combermere Barracks Windsor, Berks, 3 - RAC and Reconnaissance Corps, The Drill Hall, Barnet, Herts, 6 - RA (LAA) Ibex House, The Minories, London EC3. It grew quickly from a few tents to a large POW camp with concrete buildings for the German officers and guards, and 40 large wooden barracks for the prisoners. The treatment was a repetition of previous camps, with the exception of food, of which there was virtually none. I knew of Colditz (from the game) but not to the madness and school boy type behaviour at times. Apart from Antoni Szylling and Tadeusz Piskor, who were imprisoned in Murnau, all Polish army commanders taken by the Germans in 1939 were held there. In late 1943 an escape committee started digging a tunnel which was to pass under the barbed wire fence, but in March 1944, upon receiving news of the disastrous results of the "Great Escape" from Stalag Luft III the escape committee ordered a shut-down of the operation. On 16 April 1945 the United States Army liberated the camp, finding only Serbian officers and those too sick to have been marched out, including some Americans that had been wounded by strafing American planes while being marched from Hammelburg. Five work sub-camps, including Prati, San Don di Piave, Torre di Confine, La Salute. The camp housed Polish officers and orderlies and had an area of 25 hectares (62 acres) with 25 brick huts for prisoners and another six for kitchens, class-rooms, theatre, and administration. Our thanks for the websitehttps://sites.google.com/view/italianprisonerofwarcamps/ useful help in some of the camp locations names within Italy and lists of workcamps. (Small camp with around 25 prisoners at any one time). Others worked in local brickyards, in private industrial enterprises, in agriculture, or in the camp's own workshops. By September 1940 the prisoners at the camp were mainly French, with 100 officers up the rank of colonel, and 28 generals. The POWs were only in this camp for about a week; when lagers A and B from Stalag Luft IV were taken out on their final march, this time east. As the Second World War drew to a close, two organisations were formed to investigate the help given by individuals and organisations to Allied escapers and evaders. Nick Tate, The camp where the POWs were quartered was located on a large plain. It could have ended much worse. Several escape tunnels were dug from Milag. British and Commonwealth officers and other ranks captured in North Africa, International Association of the Red Cross, professional researcher to seek these files out, services of a professionally accredited researcher, https://www.forces-war-records.co.uk/hire-a-researcher/about, Household Cavalry, Combermere Barracks Windsor, Berks, database will include British and Commonwealth forces, POW Allied Prisoners of War in Europe 1939-1945, WWII POW and Internment Camps by Derek Tomlin, Many exclusive records, found only on our site, 1 on 1 Personal assistance from military photo and document experts, Access to Orbats mapping tool, allowing you to trace your WW1 ancestors steps. The camp was liberated by the Soviet Red Army in mid-April 1945 although this was long after most had been force marched out westwards. Acts of heroism were virtually universal. Peter Parker, The main building, known as the stonehouse, had been used as a prison for a small number of airmen captured in the early months of the war, before it became a transit camp. The lighting was poor, and heating didnt function. The lower-ranking officers were incarcerated in the lower levels of the fortress. The camp was created in September 1939. A []. When the sound of Allied artillery grew closer, the German guards were less harsh in their treatment of POWs, because the prisoner roles may soon be reversed. The prisoners in Lager Sylt and Lager Norderney were slave labourers forced to build the many military fortifications and installations throughout Alderney. Only Dutch officers and a few Soviet officers remained. A newly wealthy English woman returns to Malaya to build a well for the villagers who helped her during war. I have attempted to include every camp, however, some have very few details even then if you notice anything missing please dont hesitate to contact us, its worth noting that many camps could/were known by location and locations were often misheard and then mistranscribed due to the language barrier in many instances. Drama, History, War. The pretty astonishing escape attempts make for a core theme here, and his depictions of the main players really sparks up the narrative--as Macintyre has achieved in his earlier works. In some, the Italian Commandant refused to hand over control to the SBO or his equivalent; others opened the gates and disappeared along with the guards. James Garner, In 1943 there were recorded as being 47,483 other ranks with 303 Officers mostly employed in the local salt mines. It ws in poor condition by the time British, Poles and Serbs were held here in 1940. In 1941 and 1942 Soviet prisoners arrived. When the offensive of the Soviet Red Army resumed in 1945, all inmates were marched westward on 28 January 1945. Speaking little German they were soon identified as escapees and arrested. Stars: 700 yards away from an underground ammunition storage depot housed 81 British POWs. Typical contents of such a parcel included: Approximately 163,000 such parcels were made up each week during World War II; after being assembled, they were shipped on special ships to Lisbon, Portugal or Marseilles, France, where they were loaded onto railway cars and shipped to Geneva, Switzerland. Drama, War. All locations are named as the German title and the present day country they are located. 50,000-55,000 of them were buried in 500 mass graves at the Sudwa cemetery located nearby. The SHAEF/Red Cross reports from February 1945 show 1438 British, 1 US, 14111 Soviets, 20 Belgian, 401 Poles, 1703 Yugoslavs, 4177 Italians and 12814 French pows here. Located in Fara in Sabina 35 km from Rome. More than 100,000 prisoners, mostly Soviet, passed through Stalag I-F, of whom over 50,000 died, mostly from malnutrition, exposure and typhus. Originally opened in July1942the camp reported having 42other ranks on 26th February 1943. Originally, Stutthof was a civilian internment camp under the Danzig police chief. Also, Papers dealing with the treatment of British POWs in German hands are in DEFE 2/1126-1128. Trevor Howard, After the war it was used for interned prisoners of the defeated regime. Postal records show this camp as being under the control of the SS. During its time as a POW camp, Colditz actually had more guards than it did POWs! | Gross: 3,104 POWs here on 26/2/43 originally opened in August 1941. The camp held mostly Indians and Cypriots. A very large camp with over 10,000 prisoners. In 1942 the Nazis deported all soldiers from the Dutch army to POW camps all over Germany and the Reich including Stalag 371. Immediately after the German invasion of Poland, at the beginning of World War II, some 1,000 Polish officers were imprisoned there. I loved the way he explores the culture of the camp as well, looking at the ways race and sexuality and class defined the war experience of so many. There were several escape attempts, but only two were successful. In March, 1200 French prisoners were brought to Colditz Castle, with 600 more being imprisoned in the town below. The camp was built in September 1939 to house Polish prisoners from the German invasion of Poland. The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by barbed-wire fence. Andrew L. Stone During World War II these latter provisions were consistently breached, in particular for Soviet, Polish, and Yugoslav prisoners. Nevertheless, it was recognised that in most instances an evader/escaper had little opportunity of observing enemy activities due to the normal practice of 'hiding-up' during the day. The castle was then used as an Internment Camp Ilag VII for men from the British Channel Islands of Jersey and Guernsey until the camp was liberated in May 1945. A simple list of (mostly) British or Commonwealth war films about prisoners of war. They document the German accounts of the escapes and create a fascinating comparison to the subsequent MI9 escape reports in series WO 208, which were compiled when the individuals made it safely to neutral and Allied territory. As well as the food-related parcels, there were also medical and sanitary supplies in specific Red Cross packages. It served as the hospital for all Soviet POWs in the region until January 1945. Ben Macintyre and his 2022 book Colditz. The book 'Fascism's European empire' (Italian Occupation during the second world war) by Robert Rodogna which originally used the USSME (Italian Army archives) for camp listings. Unfortunately, there were no suitable aircraft, so they decided to head to France and contact an escape line. that had been held in Italian prisoner of war camps were transferred to Oflag IV-D. Miraculously only two Soviet prisoners were killed in the camp. On 31 August 1942 Canadian officers captured during the Dieppe Raid arrived. With luck, the office door had been relocked and this satisfied the soldiers that nobody had entered the office. II Bereitschaftspolizeiabteilung ("2nd Riot Police Division") of the Bavarian State Police. In April 1945 the camp was liberated by the Soviet Red Army although there were plans (and some movements?) The sub-camps were managed by the main stalag, which maintained personnel records, collected mail, International Red Cross packages etc. Located in a building that was previously a school, closed early in April 1945. When the Soviet front approached, orders were given to move the prisoners to other camps further west. Near to the town of Aquila, this was a transit camp. Stalag III-B Frstenberg/Oder/Brandenburg. Christopher Rhodes, | Then a separate camp, Oflag II-E, was built for them on the west side of the road. Leo Genn, During World War II, The British Joint War Organisation sent standard food parcels, invalid food parcels, medical supplies, educational books and recreational materials to prisoners of war worldwide. Then a separate camp, Oflag II-E, was built for them on the west side of the main road. Others were sent to work on farms. Stalag X-B was a World War II German Prisoner-of-war camp located near Sandbostel in north-western Germany. The Histories of Auschwitz IG Farben Werk Camps 1941-45- Piotr Setkiewicz [see here]. 49 Fontallenato Reggio nell'Emelia (Parma). A SHAEF report mentioned this camp was moved to the former Stalag XVIII a/z Spittal by Train in February 1945. Opened November 1939, Liberated 16th April 1945. It was then used as a temporary camp for French and Serbian officers. As with all POWs, escape was always in mind. The site chosen was on a river plain of the Natisone, south-west of the town of Cividale and the nearest railway line. From the elitist members of the Colditz Bullingdon Club to America's oldest paratrooper and least successful secret agent, the soldier-prisoners of Colditz were courageous and resilient as well as vulnerable and fearful -- and astonishingly imaginative in their desperate escape attempts. All Jewish prisoners were killed on 4th November 1943 by systematic shooting carried out by the SS guards (ex Belzac KZ). Brad Dexter, Votes: This march was one of the "Long Marches". The series of records WO 416 consist of cards for over 200,000 prisoners of war and civilians, and deceased airmen whose bodies were found near to their planes. 116 min Director: To relieve overcrowding, some of the officers were transferred to Oflag VII-C/Z in Tittmoning Castle. Searches are only made in response to written enquiries, and an hourly fee is usually charged. It housed 600 POW's - British, French, Belgium, Dutch and Poles. Sylvester Stallone, Terms of Service apply. George Segal, In early 1945 Polish Officers, inmates of Oflag II-D Gross-Born and Oflag II-C Woldenberg, were marched westwards and finally reached Oflag X-C. Prisoners held in Italy: post-armistice escape reports. Additional reports are dispersed among various record series. Camp E715 Buna/Monowitz where POWs worked alongside Jewish inmates from the adjacent Auschwitz III KZ (Konzentrationslager) -otherwise known as Extermination through work (Vernichtung durch Arbeit) camp. Most data files are not currently available online however and would need either a personal visit by yourself or a professional researcher to seek these files out. On the eastern, right, bank of the River Warter, near to the present day St. Roch bridge, stood Fort Rauch, the most southern of the right bank fortifications. There is an extensive collection of records in the series BT 373, giving the circumstances of capture and the eventual fate of UK and Allied Asian merchant seamen captured during the Second World War. It is now known as Sankt Johann im Pongau. The Italian camps were in operation right up until the armistice on September 8th 1943, however the Germans very quickly took control of the north of Italy immediately afterwards and any POWs either still in the camps (under the stand fast order of the British high command) or in the vicinity were quickly rounded up and sent north to camps in Germany. Only 10 managed to remain free, some returned to Poland, others finding their way to the Allied lines. Importantly for other internees in the camp, among the 68 Dutch was Hans Larive with his knowledge of the Singen route. By the middle of June only Soviet prisoners remained, these were eventually exchanged for British and American POWs in Soviet hands, near Graz. Of course, this did not quite work out to be the case. -Also known as Stalag 344, Stalag IV b/z and Stalag VIII-b. This camp was one of those from which the long march was made in early 1945 when POWs were force marched away from their camps westwards into Germany to escape being liberated by the Red Army. In September 1943, as the Italian government neared collapse, the inmates of Sulmona heard rumours that the evacuation of the camp was imminent. 106 min Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Prisoners of the Castle: An Epic Story of Survival and Escape from Colditz, the at the best online prices at eBay! Later they were replaced by Army reservists. Camps in Italy were normally prefixed PG prigionieri di guerra (prisoner of war), however the full title is campo concentramento prigionieri di guerra hence abbreviations may have the title Campo 57 or PG 57 etc so CC is also commonly used. Stalag XXa & XXb were mentioned in SHAEF reports dated 15/2/45 as being moved towards Military district II (i.e. As with Neave and Fowler, for his escapes and actions while in activity he was awarded gallantry medals. About 200 escaped from the marching column and returned to the camp. , as the rules of the main Stalag, which maintained personnel records, collected mail, Red!, Polish, and depressing newly wealthy English woman returns to Malaya to build a well for the:! Transcribed and are fully searchable ) in this camp as being under the Danzig Police chief Larive his... Supplies in specific Red Cross packages etc June 1943 were recorded as being under the control the. 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